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Реальні методи, що відповідають вашому фільтру.
СортуванняПопулярністьА–ЯЯ–АНайновіші
bioinformatics

Phylogenetic Analysis

Phylogenetic analysis reconstructs the evolutionary history of organisms, genes, or proteins by comparing molecular sequence data and estimating the branching tree that best explains observed similarities and differences. Rooted in the work of Felsenstein and colleagues from the 1960s onward, it is a cornerstone techni

2 джерел1960
genetics

Phylogenetic Independent Contrasts

Phylogenetic Independent Contrasts (PIC) is a comparative statistical method that tests for associations between traits across species while accounting for shared evolutionary history. Developed by Joseph Felsenstein in 1985, PIC solves a fundamental problem in comparative biology: related species share traits due to c

3 джерел1985
agronomy

Phytolith Analysis

Phytolith analysis is a laboratory technique used to identify and quantify microscopic silica bodies deposited in plant cells, recovered from soils, sediments, or archaeological contexts. Because phytoliths preserve long after organic material has decayed, the method is central to reconstructing past vegetation, crop h

2 джерел1841
agronomy

Plant Disease SEIR Model

The Plant Disease SEIR Model is a deterministic compartmental modelling framework adapted from human epidemiology to describe how a pathogen spreads through a host plant population. Rooted in the foundational work of J. E. Van der Plank and the Kermack-McKendrick tradition, it partitions all plants into four states — S

2 джерел1963
horticulture

Plant Propagation Success Rate

Plant propagation success rate quantifies the efficiency of vegetative (cuttings, layers, division) and generative (seed) propagation methods by measuring germination, rooting, and survival percentages. This method combines environmental monitoring, growth observations, and statistical analysis to optimize propagation

2 джерел1970
veterinary science

Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test

The Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) is a quantitative cell-based serological assay used in veterinary and human virology to measure the ability of antibodies in a serum sample to neutralize a live virus. By counting visible plaques — areas of cell destruction on a monolayer — the method determines the serum

2 джерел1952
horticulture

Pollination Efficiency Assessment

Pollination efficiency assessment quantifies the effectiveness of pollinator activity and pollen transfer in achieving fruit set. This method integrates field observation of pollinator visits, pollen viability testing, stigma receptivity assessment, and fruit set measurement to diagnose pollination limitations and opti

2 джерел1970
genetics

Polygenic Risk Score

A polygenic risk score (PRS) is a summary measure that aggregates the effects of many genetic variants across the genome to predict an individual's genetic predisposition to disease or other complex traits. Developed initially by Purcell and colleagues in 2007, PRS methods combine genome-wide association study (GWAS) r

3 джерел2007
veterinary science

Polysomnography

Polysomnography (PSG) is a comprehensive multi-channel physiological recording method that simultaneously records brain electrical activity, eye movements, muscle tone, respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and limb movements during sleep. First systematized by Rechtschaffen and Kales in 1968, polysomnogra

3 джерел1953
ecology

Population Viability Analysis

Population Viability Analysis (PVA), introduced by Shaffer (1981), estimates the probability that a population will persist over a given time period under specified conditions. PVA combines demographic models (Leslie matrices, IPMs) with stochastic simulation to project population trajectories, quantifying extinction r

3 джерел1981
horticulture

Postharvest Storage Simulation

Postharvest storage simulation uses computational models to predict fruit and vegetable quality degradation during storage and distribution under variable temperature and humidity conditions. Pioneered by Tijskens and Nicolaï in 2001, these mechanistic and empirical models enable logistics optimization, reduce food was

2 джерел2001
bioinformatics

PPI Network Topology

Protein-protein interaction network analysis identifies and characterizes the structural properties of cellular interaction networks. Pioneered by Uetz and colleagues through large-scale yeast two-hybrid screening, this approach reveals topological features like hubs, modules, and motifs that encode functional organiza

3 джерел2000
agronomy

Precision Agriculture with NDVI

Precision Agriculture with NDVI is a geospatial monitoring pipeline for assessing crop vigor, health, and productivity using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from satellite or drone imagery. Developed by Rouse and colleagues (1973), this method enables rapid, non-destructive assessment of spati

2 джерел1973
bioinformatics

Proteomics Analysis

Proteomics analysis is a systematic pipeline for identifying and quantifying proteins in biological samples using mass spectrometry. Starting from raw spectral data, the workflow searches protein sequence databases, estimates abundance across conditions, applies statistical tests for differential expression, and maps f

2 джерел1994
horticulture

Pruning Response Analysis

Pruning response analysis systematically measures the morphological and physiological effects of pruning on fruit trees, including shoot development, branching architecture, flowering, fruit set, and yield. By combining visual assessment with growth measurements and phenological tracking, growers and researchers can qu

2 джерел1980
bioinformatics

QSAR

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling predicts biological activity from molecular structure using statistical or machine learning models. Pioneered by Hansch in 1964, QSAR correlates numerical molecular descriptors with measured bioactivity, enabling prediction of activity for untested compounds

3 джерел1964
genetics

QTL Mapping

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is a genetic method that localizes chromosomal regions influencing quantitative traits—continuous phenotypes controlled by multiple genes and environmental factors. Developed by Lander and Botstein in 1989, QTL mapping uses linkage analysis and trait variation in segregating popula

3 джерел1989
food science

Quantitative Descriptive Analysis

Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) is a comprehensive sensory evaluation method developed by Stone and colleagues in the 1970s that uses a trained panel to describe the intensity of sensory attributes in food products. QDA provides detailed, quantitative profiles of flavor, aroma, texture, and appearance, allowing

2 джерел1974
veterinary science

Radioimmunoassay

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a highly sensitive, quantitative laboratory technique that measures the concentration of a specific antigen — such as a hormone, drug, or pathogen-derived protein — in a biological sample by exploiting competitive binding between a radiolabelled antigen and the sample antigen for a limited sup

2 джерел1959
food science

Rheometry

Rheometry is the scientific measurement of how fluids and semi-solids (pastes, gels, suspensions) flow and deform under applied stress. Using a rheometer (a precision instrument that applies controlled shear forces and measures the resulting deformation), rheometry characterizes the viscosity, viscoelasticity, and othe

2 джерел1992
agronomy

Rhizosphere Amplicon Analysis

Rhizosphere Amplicon Analysis is a molecular-ecological pipeline used to characterise the microbial communities inhabiting the root-adjacent soil zone — the rhizosphere — by sequencing targeted marker genes such as the bacterial 16S rRNA gene or the fungal ITS region. Widely applied in agronomy, soil ecology, and plant

2 джерел2000
horticulture

Ripeness Index

Ripeness index combines multiple quality measurements—soluble solids, firmness, color, starch degradation, ethylene production—into a single composite score indicating fruit maturity and harvest readiness. Unlike single-parameter metrics, this integrated approach accounts for cultivar variation and environmental influe

2 джерел1970
genetics

RNA Velocity

RNA velocity is a computational method that infers the future developmental state of individual cells from single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Developed by La Manno and colleagues in 2018, RNA velocity analysis measures the direction and pace of cell state transitions by analyzing the ratio of unspliced to spliced mRNA tr

3 джерел2018
bioinformatics

RNA-seq Differential Expression

RNA-seq differential expression (DE) analysis identifies genes whose transcript abundance differs significantly between two or more biological conditions — for example, treated versus control, or diseased versus healthy tissue. Starting from raw sequencing reads, the pipeline moves through alignment, count-based normal

2 джерел2008
agronomy

Root Architecture Analysis

Root Architecture Analysis is a quantitative method in agronomy and plant science that characterises the spatial configuration, branching pattern, and geometric properties of a plant's root system. By measuring parameters such as total root length, lateral root density, root angle, and root tip number, researchers link

2 джерел1970
forestry

Rothermel Fire Model

The Rothermel fire spread model, developed by Richard Rothermel in 1972, is a mechanistic mathematical model that predicts the rate of fire spread through surface fuels using fuel characteristics, weather, and topography. It forms the theoretical foundation of the BEHAVE fire modeling system used operationally by fire

2 джерел1972
veterinary science

Rumen In Vitro Gas Production

The In Vitro Gas Production (IVGP) assay is a laboratory method that measures the fermentation kinetics of animal feeds by incubating feed samples with rumen microorganisms in controlled conditions and monitoring the volume of gas produced over time. Developed by Theodorou and colleagues in 1994, IVGP provides rapid, c

3 джерел1994
veterinary science

Scan Sampling

Scan Sampling (also called instantaneous sampling) is a behavioral observation method in which an observer records the state of all group members simultaneously at regular time intervals. Introduced alongside focal animal sampling by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, scan sampling is efficient for quantifying activity budgets an

3 джерел1974
agronomy

Seed Germination Test

Seed Germination Test is an analytical and physiological pipeline for assessing seed viability and germination rate under controlled conditions. Standardized by ISTA (International Seed Testing Association), this method quantifies the proportion of seeds capable of normal seedling development and informs seed quality c

2 джерел2015
genetics

Selection Sweep (Tajima's D)

Tajima's D is a statistical test designed to detect selective sweeps—recent, rapid fixation of advantageous mutations—from patterns of genetic variation in DNA sequences. Developed by Fumio Tajima in 1989, this test measures deviations from neutrality by comparing different measures of DNA sequence diversity. A signifi

3 джерел1989
bioinformatics

Sequence Alignment

Sequence alignment is a foundational bioinformatics technique that arranges two or more DNA, RNA, or protein sequences to reveal regions of similarity, infer evolutionary relationships, identify functional domains, and map sequencing reads to reference genomes. It underpins virtually every downstream genomic analysis,

2 джерел1970
ecology

SIAR Mixing Model

The Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) mixing model is a Bayesian framework for estimating the proportional contributions of dietary sources to a consumer, using stable isotope ratios. Developed by Parnell and colleagues (2010) and implemented in the R package siar (and its successor MixSIAR), this method integrates i

3 джерел2010
forestry

Silvicultural Treatment Design

Silvicultural treatment design is the process of developing specific management prescriptions for forest stands to achieve defined objectives (timber yield, biodiversity, carbon storage, watershed protection). Codified in foundational texts by Smith and colleagues, silvicultural design integrates stand assessment, grow

4 джерел1950
bioinformatics

Single-cell ChIP-seq peak calling

Single-cell ChIP-seq peak calling is a bioinformatics pipeline that identifies genomic regions enriched for histone modifications or transcription factor binding in individual cells. By profiling chromatin states at single-cell resolution, it reveals epigenomic heterogeneity hidden in bulk ChIP-seq experiments, enablin

2 джерел2019
bioinformatics

Single-cell Copy Number Variation Analysis

Single-cell copy number variation (scCNV) analysis detects gains and losses of genomic segments within individual cells, enabling researchers to resolve intratumor heterogeneity, reconstruct clonal evolution, and distinguish malignant from normal cells at single-cell resolution. It can be applied to single-cell whole-g

2 джерел2011
bioinformatics

Single-cell epigenome-wide association study

A single-cell epigenome-wide association study (scEWAS) interrogates epigenetic marks — primarily DNA methylation or chromatin accessibility — across the entire genome at single-cell resolution, then statistically associates variation in those marks with a phenotype, disease, or exposure. By resolving cell-type heterog

2 джерел2015
bioinformatics

Single-cell eQTL analysis

Single-cell eQTL analysis identifies genetic variants (eQTLs) that regulate gene expression in a cell-type-specific manner by jointly analysing single-cell RNA-seq profiles and donor genotype data. Unlike bulk eQTL methods, it resolves regulatory effects that are diluted or masked when cell types are mixed, enabling di

2 джерел2020
bioinformatics

Single-cell Gene Set Enrichment Analysis

Single-cell gene set enrichment analysis (scGSEA) extends classical bulk GSEA to the resolution of individual cells. Rather than testing whether a gene set is enriched in a sample-level comparison, scGSEA assigns an enrichment or activity score to each cell, enabling researchers to map pathway activity across heterogen

2 джерел2017
bioinformatics

Single-cell GWAS

Single-cell GWAS is an integrative bioinformatics pipeline that maps genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals onto single-cell transcriptomic landscapes to identify which cell types and individual cells carry disproportionate genetic risk for a disease or trait. By leveraging single-cell RNA-seq atlases alongside G

2 джерел2019
bioinformatics

Single-cell metabolomics analysis

Single-cell metabolomics analysis measures the small-molecule metabolite content of individual cells, revealing cell-to-cell metabolic heterogeneity that bulk methods obscure by averaging. Rooted in mass spectrometry and microfluidics advances, it enables researchers to map metabolic states across cell populations, ide

2 джерел2013
bioinformatics

Single-cell Microbiome Diversity Analysis

Single-cell microbiome diversity analysis resolves the composition and functional heterogeneity of microbial communities at the level of individual cells or bacteria. By combining single-cell or single-bacterium isolation with high-throughput sequencing, this pipeline overcomes the averaging effect of bulk metagenomics

2 джерел2019
bioinformatics

Single-cell Phylogenetic Analysis

Single-cell phylogenetic analysis reconstructs evolutionary or developmental trees from single-cell sequencing data, tracing how individual cells diverged from a common ancestor. By leveraging somatic mutations, CRISPR-introduced barcodes, or copy-number changes as heritable characters, this method maps clonal relation

2 джерел2014
bioinformatics

Single-cell RNA-seq analysis

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis characterises gene expression at the resolution of individual cells, enabling discovery of cell types, states, and transitions that are invisible in bulk transcriptomics. Starting from raw sequencing reads, the workflow produces a cell-by-gene count matrix and proceeds th

2 джерел2009
bioinformatics

Single-cell RNA-seq differential expression

Single-cell RNA-seq differential expression (scRNA-seq DE) analysis identifies genes whose expression levels differ significantly between defined groups of individual cells — such as cell types, disease states, or treatment conditions. Unlike bulk RNA-seq, which averages signals across millions of cells, scRNA-seq DE o

2 джерел2013
bioinformatics

Single-cell sequence alignment

Single-cell sequence alignment is the computational step that maps millions of short sequencing reads produced by single-cell RNA-seq experiments back to a reference genome or transcriptome. Unlike bulk RNA-seq alignment, each read carries a cell barcode and a Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI) that together identify th

2 джерел2013
bioinformatics

Single-cell variant calling

Single-cell variant calling is a bioinformatics pipeline that identifies DNA sequence variants — single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions and deletions, and copy-number alterations — within individual cells rather than across a bulk tissue mixture. By resolving the mutational landscape cell by cell, it revea

2 джерел2016
forestry

Site Index Curve

A site index curve is a family of curves relating tree height to stand age, used to quantify the productivity of a forest site. Site index is conventionally defined as the height of dominant trees at a reference age (typically 50 years in temperate forests). These curves enable foresters to classify sites by productivi

2 джерел1954
forestry

Smoke Dispersion

Smoke dispersion modeling predicts how smoke from wildfires and prescribed burns travels and disperses through the atmosphere, affecting air quality and visibility. Models use fire characteristics (size, intensity, fuel type), atmospheric conditions (wind, stability, mixing height), and topography to forecast smoke plu

2 джерел2000
agronomy

Soil Fertility Management

Soil Fertility Management is a diagnostic and prescriptive pipeline for assessing soil nutrient status via laboratory testing, interpreting results against crop-specific nutrient requirements, and recommending fertilizer or amendment rates. Formalized by soil testing institutions (ICAR, USDA-CSREES) and widely adopted

2 джерел1990
agronomy

Soil Moisture Curve

The soil moisture curve (or soil water retention curve, SWRC) describes the relationship between soil water content and soil matric potential (water tension). It characterizes how tightly water is bound in pores of different sizes: large pores drain at low tensions (wet soils), while smaller pores retain water at high

3 джерел1956
agronomy

Soil Respiration Measurement

Soil respiration measurement quantifies the rate at which CO2 is released from the soil surface to the atmosphere, integrating contributions from root respiration and microbial decomposition of organic matter. It is a fundamental technique in agronomy, ecology, and climate science, providing insight into belowground ca

2 джерел1950
veterinary science

Somatic Cell Count

Somatic Cell Count (SCC) is a quantitative measure of the concentration of white blood cells and epithelial cells in milk, used as a primary indicator of udder health and the presence of mastitis in lactating cattle. Standardized by veterinary regulatory agencies worldwide, SCC serves as a non-invasive, cost-effective

3 джерел1980
agronomy

Sowing Date Optimization

Sowing Date Optimization is a decision support pipeline for determining optimal crop planting dates that align phenological development with favorable environmental windows, maximizing yield and reducing climate risk. Developed by crop modelers (Aggarwal, Semenov) in the 2000s, this method combines crop simulation, cli

2 джерел2006
food science

Soxhlet Extraction

Soxhlet Extraction is a continuous solvent extraction method developed by Franz Soxhlet in 1879 for determining fat and lipid content in foods. Using a specialized glassware apparatus, Soxhlet repeatedly cycles hot solvent through a food sample, extracting lipids with high efficiency. It remains the official standard m

2 джерел1879
ecology

Species Accumulation

Species accumulation curves describe how the number of observed species increases with cumulative sampling effort. Introduced by Sanders (1968) and developed by Colwell and colleagues, this method enables ecologists to compare biodiversity across sites and estimate total species richness despite incomplete sampling. It

3 джерел1968
forestry

Stand Basal Area Measurement

Stand basal area is a fundamental forest mensuration metric representing the total cross-sectional area of tree stems per unit land area, typically expressed in square meters per hectare. Formalized across twentieth-century forestry literature (notably by Husch, Beers, and Kershaw), basal area serves as a key indicator

4 джерел1960
forestry

Stand Density Index

The Stand Density Index (SDI), introduced by Reineke in 1933, is a dimensionless measure of forest density that accounts for both tree number and size. It expresses the number of trees per hectare in a stand, adjusted to a reference quadratic mean diameter (QMD) of 25 cm, providing a standardized metric for comparing t

2 джерел1933
food science

Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) is a separation technique that uses a fluid held above its critical temperature and pressure — most commonly carbon dioxide — to selectively dissolve and remove target compounds from a solid or liquid matrix. Widely applied in food science, nutraceutical production, and the flavour

2 джерел1960
food science

Temporal Dominance of Sensations

Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) is a time-dynamic sensory evaluation method developed by Pineau and colleagues in 2009 that tracks which sensory attribute is perceived as dominant at each moment during the consumption of a food product. Unlike static descriptive methods, TDS captures the dynamic evolution of fla

2 джерел2009
food science

Texture Profile Analysis

Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) is an objective, mechanical method that simulates mastication (chewing) to measure the textural properties of food products. Developed by Bourne in 1968, TPA uses a texture analyzer (a machine that applies defined forces and movements to a sample) to generate a force-time curve from which

2 джерел1968
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