Obrazovni proces: perspektive razreda

Ovo područje bavi se poučavanjem i učenjem koji se odvijaju u razredima — nastavom, razrednim procesima i uvjetima učinkovitog poučavanja.

Scope

Obuhvaća istraživanja poučavanja, razredne interakcije i upravljanje razredom, nastavne metode te kognitivne uvjete učenja.

Sub-topics

• Advance Organizers
• Interdisciplinary Approach
• Study Habits
• Cultural Enrichment
• Test Anxiety
• Affective Objectives
• Behavioral Objectives
• Student Reaction
• Test Preparation
• Academic Failure
• Class Rank
• Grades (Scholastic)
• Grading
• Enrichment Activities
• Developmentally Appropriate Practices
• Mixed Age Grouping
• Instructional Effectiveness
• Global Approach
• Mastery Learning
• Multi Tiered Systems of Support
• Performance Contracts
• Student Improvement
• Teacher Influence
• Instructional Design
• Portfolio Assessment
• Learner Engagement
• Student Motivation
• Teacher Motivation
• Student Development
• Classroom Environment
• Teacher Student Relationship
• Creative Activities
• Reggio Emilia Approach
• Educational Therapy
• Classroom Communication
• Simulation
• Assessment Literacy
• Formative Evaluation
• Instructional Improvement
• Teacher Competencies
• Teaching Skills
• Assignments
• Instruction
• Electronic Learning
• Discussion Groups
• Educational Diagnosis
• Response to Intervention
• Academic Persistence
• Listening
• Redundancy
• Time on Task
• Classroom Techniques
• Audiovisual Instruction
• Multimedia Instruction
• Intermode Differences
• Place Based Education
• Student Centered Learning
• Individual Instruction
• Conventional Instruction
• Academic Achievement
• Teaching Experience
• Object Manipulation
• Precision Teaching
• Course Objectives
• Process Education
• Student Behavior
• Developmental Studies Programs
• Student Centered Curriculum
• Training Objectives
• Educational Strategies
• Remedial Programs
• Study Skills
• Content and Language Integrated Learning
• Acceleration (Education)
• Honors Curriculum
• Blended Learning
• Experimental Teaching
• Instructional Innovation
• Integrated Activities
• Training Methods
• Web Based Instruction
• Ability Grouping
• Computer Assisted Instruction
• Group Discussion
• Student Projects
• Teacher Behavior
• Case Method (Teaching Technique)
• Discussion (Teaching Technique)
• Student Interests
• Writing Exercises
• Classes (Groups of Students)
• Class Organization
• Course Organization
• Grouping (Instructional Purposes)
• Self Contained Classrooms
• Class Size
• Teacher Expectations of Students
• Teaching Conditions
• Prereferral Intervention
• Practicum Supervision
• Student Experience
• Teacher Improvement
• Coaching (Performance)
• Achievement Gains
• Performance Factors
• Remedial Instruction
• Group Activities
• Reciprocal Teaching
• Computer Simulation
• Computer Managed Instruction
• Simulated Environment
• Praxis
• Scaffolding (Teaching Technique)
• Course Content
• Textbook Content
• Motivation Techniques
• Lecture Method
• Learning Centers (Classroom)
• Peer Teaching
• Team Training
• Team Teaching
• Home Study
• Individualized Programs
• Diagnostic Teaching
• Course Evaluation
• Instructional Material Evaluation
• Summative Evaluation
• Creative Teaching
• Curriculum Based Assessment
• Reflective Teaching
• Questioning Techniques
• Cross Age Teaching
• Tutorial Programs
• Notetaking
• Prompting
• Enrichment
• Curriculum Enrichment
• Instructional Development
• Thematic Approach
• Material Development
• Class Activities
• Cooperative Learning
• Experiential Learning
• Independent Study
• Learner Controlled Instruction
• Demonstrations (Educational)
• Learning Activities
• Direct Instruction
• Problem Based Learning
• Student Participation
• Montessori Method
• Resource Units
• In Person Learning
• Individualized Instruction
• Drills (Practice)
• Sequential Approach
• Gamification
• Progressive Education
• Time Management
• Psychoeducational Methods
• Error Correction
• Participant Satisfaction
• Student Journals
• Knowledge Base for Teaching
• Teacher Response
• Group Instruction
• Test Wiseness
• Pacing
• Individual Activities
• Resource Room Programs
• Reading Lists
• Instructional Systems
• Microteaching
• Andragogy
• Aptitude Treatment Interaction

Core questions

• Što čini poučavanje učinkovitim?
• Kako razredne interakcije oblikuju učenje?
• Kako nastavu kognitivno osmisliti?
• Kakvo je iskustvo života u razredu?

Key concepts

• Učinkovito poučavanje
• Upravljanje razredom
• Skriveni kurikulum
• Kognitivno opterećenje
• Instrukcijski dizajn
• Razredna interakcija

Key theories

Istraživanje poučavanja

Gage je utemeljio sustavno empirijsko proučavanje učinkovitosti poučavanja.

Skriveni kurikulum razreda

Jackson je otkrio implicitne lekcije razrednog života.

Kognitivno opterećenje

Sweller je pokazao da nastava mora uvažavati ograničenja radnog pamćenja kako bi učenje bilo učinkovito.

History

Istraživanje razreda kretalo se od procesno-produktnih studija učinkovitog poučavanja (Gage) i etnografija razrednog života (Jackson) prema kognitivno utemeljenom instrukcijskom dizajnu (Sweller).

Debates

Izravna nastava nasuprot učenju otkrivanjem

Pitanje podupire li učenje bolje eksplicitna nastava ili vođeno otkrivanje, informirano istraživanjem kognitivnog opterećenja.

Key figures

• N. L. Gage
• Philip Jackson
• John Sweller

Seminal works

• jackson-1968
• gage-1963
• sweller-1988

Frequently asked questions

Što je teorija kognitivnog opterećenja?

Swellerova teorija prema kojoj nastava treba upravljati ograničenim kapacitetom radnog pamćenja kako bi se podržalo učinkovito učenje.