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Environment & Sustainability160

手法統計学1,836 人工知能・機械学習1,661 意思決定科学932 研究方法1,354 測定1,745 因果とエビデンス532 研究実践118

489 件の手法 Psychologyでクリア

フィルターに一致する実在の手法。

並べ替え人気順 A–Z Z–A 新着順

Dichotic Listening

The Dichotic Listening Task is an auditory measure of selective attention and hemispheric lateralization. Different speech stimuli (words, digits, or syllables) are presented simultaneously to each ear via headphones. Participants attend to one ear (shadowing or repeating that information) while ignoring the other. Acc

3件の出典1953

Dictator Game

The Dictator Game is a simple economic decision task measuring generosity and prosocial behavior. One player (dictator) receives money and unilaterally decides how to allocate it between themselves and an anonymous second player (recipient). The recipient cannot reject the offer; they simply receive what the dictator g

3件の出典1994

DIF Analysis

Differential Item Functioning analysis examines whether examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — who have the same underlying ability respond differently to a test item. First formalised by Holland and Thayer in 1988 via the Mantel-Haenszel procedure, it is the principal too

2件の出典1988

Differential Item Functioning

Differential item functioning identifies test or survey items that behave differently for examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — after controlling for the underlying ability or trait being measured. DIF analysis is essential for fairness evaluation in educational testing a

2件の出典1970

clinical psychology

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale

The DERS is a 36-item self-report measure assessing multidimensional emotion dysregulation across six related but distinct facets. Developed by Gratz and Roemer in 2004, it has become a cornerstone transdiagnostic measure in emotion regulation research, capturing emotional avoidance, behavioral dyscontrol, and limited

1件の出典2004

military psychology

Difficulty in Transition Scale

The Difficulty in Military-to-Civilian Transition Scale measures the severity of adjustment challenges experienced by separating and separated service members. It assesses distress across psychological, social, occupational, and identity domains as individuals transition from military life to civilian society. Used in

2件の出典2011

social media psychology

Digital Wellbeing Scale

The Digital Wellbeing Scale is a multidimensional self-report instrument that assesses positive and negative aspects of technology use, capturing not just problematic behaviors but also digital resources supporting wellbeing. Developed by Azevedo and colleagues in 2022, this scale recognizes that digital engagement exi

1件の出典2022

DINA Model

The DINA Model (Deterministic Inputs, Noisy Outputs) is a cognitive diagnostic model developed by Junker and Sijtsma (2001) that classifies examinees into latent skill classes based on their item response patterns. DINA assumes a deterministic relationship between skill mastery and correct responses, with probabilistic

3件の出典2001

DINO Model

The DINO Model (Deterministic Inputs, Noisy Outputs—Disjunctive) is a cognitive diagnostic model that relaxes DINA's conjunctive (AND) skill requirement logic. DINO assumes an examinee only needs to master one of multiple possible skill pathways to answer an item correctly, making it suitable for scenarios where skills

3件の出典2006

Discriminant Validity

Discriminant validity is evidence that a latent construct is empirically distinct from other constructs it should differ from. Originating in Campbell and Fiske's multitrait-multimethod framework (1959), it is a core component of construct validity and a mandatory check in scale development and structural equation mode

2件の出典1959

Dissociative Experiences Scale

The DES is a 28-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the frequency and severity of dissociative symptoms, including depersonalization (feeling detached from one's body), derealization (feeling the world is unreal), amnesia, absorption (intense focus), and identity confusion. Developed by Bernstein and Put

3件の出典1986

Drift Diffusion Model

The Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) is a mathematical framework for understanding rapid binary decision-making by modeling the accumulation of evidence over time as a random walk with drift. Developed by Roger Ratcliff in the 1970s, it predicts both choice probabilities and response time distributions, providing insight in

3件の出典1978

psychology of religion

DSES

The DSES, developed by Underwood and Teresi in 2002, is a 16-item self-report measure designed to capture the frequency and depth of spiritual experiences that occur in everyday life. Unlike scales that measure religious affiliation or institutional participation, the DSES assesses whether and how often individuals rep

1件の出典2002

psychology of religion

DUREL

The DUREL is a brief, five-item self-report measure of religious involvement developed by Koenig and Büssing in 2010. Designed specifically for epidemiological and health services research, it captures three dimensions of religiosity: organizational religious activity (church attendance), non-organizational religious a

1件の出典2010

social psychology

Dyadic Adjustment Scale

The Dyadic Adjustment Scale is the most widely used self-report instrument for measuring the quality of relationships in married or cohabiting couples. Developed by Graham Spanier in 1976, it captures four fundamental dimensions of relationship functioning: consensus (agreement on key domains), satisfaction (contentmen

2件の出典1976

Eating Attitudes Test

The EAT-26 is a 26-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess core attitudes and behaviors characteristic of eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Developed by Garner and Garfinkel in 1979 and abbreviated to 26 items in 1982, it is widely used for screening eating disorders in comm

3件の出典1979

environmental psychology

ECS

The Environmental Concern Scale (ECS) measures the degree to which individuals worry about and feel affected by environmental problems, pollution, and ecological degradation. Originally developed by Weigel and Weigel (1978), the ECS focuses on emotional and affective responses to environmental issues—anxiety, worry, an

2件の出典1978

clinical psychology

EDE-Q

The EDE-Q is a 28-item self-report questionnaire derived from the gold-standard Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview. Developed by Fairburn and Beglin in 1993, it measures the cognitive, behavioural, and attitudinal features of eating disorders. It is widely used in both research and clinical screening because i

3件の出典1993

clinical psychology

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a 10-item self-report screening questionnaire developed by John Cox, Jeni Holden, and Ruth Sagovsky in 1987 to identify postnatal depression in new mothers. Published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, the EPDS specifically addresses depressive symptoms common in the postp

3件の出典1987

EFA for Scale Development

Exploratory Factor Analysis for Scale Development is the psychometric application of EFA in which an item pool is administered and the resulting response data are analysed to discover the latent factor structure underlying the items. Originating with Spearman's (1904) factor theory and formalised for applied scale cons

2件の出典1904

environmental psychology

EFKS

The Ecological Footprint Knowledge Scale (EFKS) measures individuals' understanding of the ecological footprint concept—how much land and resources one's consumption requires—and knowledge of personal and global footprint impacts. Developed from the ecological footprint framework (Wackernagel & Rees, 1996), the EFKS as

2件の出典1996

environmental psychology

EIS

The Environmental Identity Scale (EIS) measures the degree to which individuals incorporate environmental values and ecological concerns into their sense of self—how central environmental stewardship is to personal identity and self-concept. Developed by Clayton (2003) from identity theory and social psychology, the EI

3件の出典2003

clinical psychology

Emotion Dysregulation Scale

The EDS is a brief self-report measure of emotion dysregulation—difficulty managing and controlling emotional responses. Developed by Silk, Steinberg, and Morris in 2003 in longitudinal adolescent research, it captures emotional lability, emotional negativity, and emotional undercontrol linked to psychopathology and be

1件の出典2003

clinical psychology

Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

The ERQ is a 10-item self-report measure assessing two primary emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Developed by Gross and John in 2003, it has become a foundational instrument in emotion regulation research, widely used across clinical, developmental, and social psychology.

1件の出典2003

child psychiatry

Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) is a 10-item self-report measure of emotion regulation strategies in children and adolescents ages 10–18 years. Based on Gross's process model of emotion regulation, the ERQ-CA assesses two key strategies: Cognitive Reappraisal (reinterpreting e

2件の出典1998

social psychology

ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale

The ENRICH (Enriching Relationships: Issues, Communication, Happiness) program is a comprehensive couple assessment and enrichment system developed by David Olson that includes multiple relationship assessment tools. The ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale is a subset of the full ENRICH Couple Inventory and measures coup

2件の出典1996

social psychology

Environmental Attitudes Scale

The Environmental Attitudes Scale, most commonly operationalized as the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale developed by Dunlap and colleagues in 2000, is a self-report measure assessing individual endorsement of an ecologically sustainable worldview. The scale measures beliefs about human-nature relationships, includi

1件の出典2000

psychology of religion

EWB Scale

The Existential Well-Being Scale (EWB), developed by Paloutzian and Ellison in 1982, is a 10-item self-report measure of existential meaning and well-being: the sense that one's life has purpose, direction, and intrinsic value. Derived from the larger Spiritual Well-Being Scale (which includes religious well-being), th

1件の出典1982

sport psychology

Exercise Addiction Inventory

The EAI is a 6-item questionnaire measuring the risk of exercise addiction or exercise dependence—the compulsive continuation of exercise despite negative consequences and in response to withdrawal anxiety. Developed by Terry, Szabo, and Griffiths in 2004, the EAI is a brief, practical screening tool for identifying at

2件の出典2004

Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling

Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) is a hybrid approach that combines exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path modeling, developed by Asparouhov and Muthén (2009). ESEM relaxes restrictive zero-loading assumptions of traditional CFA, allowing all indicators to load

3件の出典2009

clinical psychology

Exposure and Response Prevention

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a behavioral intervention designed to reduce anxiety and compulsive behaviors by having clients repeatedly confront feared situations or intrusive thoughts without engaging in safety behaviors or compulsions. Developed by Edna B. Foa and colleagues in the 1980s, ERP is now cons

2件の出典1986

Eye-Tracking Analysis

Eye-tracking analysis is a method for recording and quantifying eye movements and gaze patterns during visual tasks, providing direct measures of visual attention, comprehension, and cognitive processing. Advancing from mechanical devices to high-speed infrared cameras, eye tracking enables researchers to identify wher

3件の出典1998

psychology of religion

FACIT-Sp

The FACIT-Sp, developed by Peterman and colleagues in 2002, is a 12-item self-report measure of spiritual well-being specifically designed for people with serious illness, particularly cancer. It assesses two dimensions: meaning and peace (the sense that life has purpose and harmony despite illness) and faith (spiritua

1件の出典2002

Factor Analysis for Scale Development

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a statistical method for discovering the underlying dimensional structure of a set of items or variables. Pioneered by Louis Thurstone in the mid-20th century, EFA is widely used to develop and validate psychometric scales by identifying groups of items that correlate together, ther

3件の出典1947

social psychology

Family Assessment Device

The Family Assessment Device is a widely used self-report instrument designed to measure family functioning across six key domains derived from the McMaster Model of Family Functioning. Developed by Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishop in 1983, the FAD assesses problem-solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, a

2件の出典1983

Fear Conditioning

Fear conditioning is a classical (Pavlovian) learning paradigm in which a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS—e.g., a tone or image) is repeatedly paired with an aversive outcome (unconditioned stimulus, US—e.g., mild electric shock or loud noise). After conditioning, the CS alone elicits a fear response. Fear c

3件の出典1927

mindfulness psychology

Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire

The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is a 39-item self-report instrument designed to measure trait mindfulness across five distinct dimensions: Observing, Describing, Acting with Awareness, Non-judging of Inner Experience, and Non-reactivity to Inner Experience. Developed by Baer and colleagues in 2006 and p

1件の出典2006

Floor and Ceiling Effect

Floor and ceiling effects are psychometric phenomena in which a disproportionately large proportion of respondents achieve the lowest (floor) or highest (ceiling) possible score on a measurement scale. These effects compromise scale reliability and responsiveness, limiting the instrument's ability to distinguish among

3件の出典2000

positive psychology

Flourishing Scale

The Flourishing Scale (FS) is an 8-item measure of human flourishing developed by Diener and colleagues in 2010. It assesses psychological well-being across core dimensions including purpose, social connection, competence, and engagement. The scale operationalizes Aristotle's concept of eudaimonia—the realization of hu

1件の出典2010

social media psychology

FoMO Scale

The FoMO Scale is a 10-item self-report instrument that measures the extent to which individuals experience anxiety or apprehension about missing out on social events, experiences, or information shared by others, particularly in social media contexts. Developed by Przybylski and colleagues in 2013, it quantifies this

1件の出典2013

mindfulness psychology

Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory

The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) is a 30-item self-report questionnaire measuring trait mindfulness, with a widely used 14-item short form (FMI-14). Developed by Buchheld, Grossman, and Walach in 2001 and originally validated in insight meditation practitioners, the FMI has become a standard measure in mindfuln

1件の出典2001

social psychology

Friendship Quality Questionnaire

The Friendship Quality Questionnaire is a self-report instrument designed to assess the quality and characteristics of friendships in children, adolescents, and adults. Developed by Jeffrey Parker and Steven Asher in 1993 and expanded by Bukowski and colleagues, the FQQ measures dimensions of friendship quality includi

2件の出典1993

neuropsychology

Frontal Assessment Battery

The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a brief, clinician-administered neuropsychological battery designed to assess frontal lobe function and executive abilities at the bedside. Developed by Dubois and colleagues at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris in 2000, the FAB consists of six subtests measuring conceptualizatio

3件の出典2000

clinical psychology

Functional Behavioral Assessment

Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) is a systematic process for identifying the environmental and behavioral factors that maintain or contribute to a target behavior. Developed by Richard O'Neill, Robert Horner, and colleagues in the 1990s, FBA is a cornerstone of applied behavior analysis and is widely used in educ

2件の出典1997

Fuzzy ANOVA

Fuzzy ANOVA extends classical analysis of variance to fuzzy data where observations and group memberships are imprecise or uncertain. Developed by Viertl and others, Fuzzy ANOVA tests whether fuzzy-valued groups differ significantly while accounting for inherent measurement uncertainty.

3件の出典2011

Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) is a set-theoretic method developed by Charles Ragin in the early 2000s that combines the configurational logic of qualitative case studies with the mathematical rigor of fuzzy sets. It bridges qualitative and quantitative research by allowing researchers to examine ca

3件の出典2000

G-Theory

Generalizability Theory, developed by Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues in the 1960s and formalised by Brennan (2001), is an ANOVA-based framework that extends Classical Test Theory by decomposing observed score variance into multiple, separately identified sources of measurement error — such as raters, tasks, occasions,

2件の出典1963

clinical psychology

General Health Questionnaire

The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is design

2件の出典1992

social psychology

General Self-Efficacy Scale

The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a 10-item measure assessing beliefs in one's ability to handle difficult situations and to cope with challenges through adaptive effort. Developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in the mid-1990s, the GSE operationalizes self-efficacy as a generalized confidence in one'

3件の出典1995

Generalizability Theory

Generalizability Theory is a psychometric framework that decomposes observed score variance into multiple sources — persons, items, raters, occasions, and their interactions — using analysis of variance. It replaces the single reliability coefficient of classical test theory with a family of coefficients that tell rese

2件の出典1963

clinical psychology

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale

The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a brief, 7-item self-report instrument for screening and assessing the severity of anxiety symptoms in primary care and mental health settings. Developed by Spitzer and colleagues in 2006, the GAD-7 mirrors the structure and validation approach of the widely successful PHQ-

2件の出典2006

clinical psychology

Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7

The GAD-7 is a brief 7-item self-report questionnaire designed to screen for and measure the severity of generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents and adults. Developed by Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, and Löwe in 2006, it has become one of the most widely used anxiety screening tools in primary care, mental health res

1件の出典2006

bereavement psychology

GEQ

The Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) is a multidimensional measure developed by Barrett and Schneweis in 1980 to assess the breadth of emotional, cognitive, and existential experiences reported by bereaved individuals. Rather than focusing on pathology or symptom severity, the GEQ captures the diverse phenomenology

1件の出典1980

clinical psychology

Geriatric Depression Scale

The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a 30-item self-report depression screening instrument specifically designed for older adults. Developed by Yesavage, Brink, and colleagues in 1982, the GDS addresses the unique presentation of depression in aging populations, where symptoms may differ from younger adults. A valid

2件の出典1982

environmental psychology

GPIS

The Green Purchase Intention Scale (GPIS) measures consumers' stated willingness and likelihood of purchasing environmentally friendly products, including their intention to pay premium prices for eco-labeled goods and their perceived value of sustainable alternatives. Developed from consumer behavior and willingness-t

3件の出典1991

positive psychology

Gratitude Questionnaire

The Gratitude Questionnaire-Six (GQ-6), developed by McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang in 2002, is a 6-item measure of dispositional gratitude—the tendency to recognize and appreciate the good in one's life. Operationalizing gratitude as a stable personality trait (not just a momentary feeling), the GQ-6 assesses the capac

1件の出典2002

social psychology

Grit Scale

The Grit Scale is a 12-item measure assessing grit—the combination of perseverance (sustained effort despite obstacles) and passion (consistent interest and commitment) for long-term goals. Developed by Angela Duckworth and colleagues in 2007, the GRIT operationalizes grit as a distinct personality construct predicting

3件の出典2007

GRM

The Graded Response Model is an item response theory model developed by Fumiko Samejima in 1969 for ordered polytomous items such as Likert-type scales. It estimates both the discriminating power of each item and a set of threshold parameters marking the boundaries between adjacent response categories, while simultaneo

2件の出典1969

sport psychology

Group Environment Questionnaire

The GEQ is an 18-item instrument measuring team cohesion—the degree to which team members feel attracted to the group and perceive the group as unified around shared task and social goals. Developed by Carron, Widmeyer, and Brawley in 1985, the GEQ has become the gold standard for measuring cohesion in sport teams and

2件の出典1985

Guttman Scale

Guttman scaling is a methodology for constructing unidimensional scales with a cumulative property, developed by Louis Guttman in 1944. The method assumes that items form a perfect or near-perfect hierarchy: if a respondent endorses a harder item, they must endorse all easier items below it. This creates a reproducible

3件の出典1944

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