Procés educatiu: perspectives d'aula

Aquesta àrea es refereix a l'ensenyament i l'aprenentatge tal com es desenvolupen a les aules: la instrucció, els processos d'aula i les condicions d'un ensenyament eficaç.

Scope

Cobreix la recerca sobre l'ensenyament, la interacció i la gestió de l'aula, els mètodes d'instrucció i les condicions cognitives de l'aprenentatge.

Sub-topics

• Advance Organizers
• Interdisciplinary Approach
• Study Habits
• Cultural Enrichment
• Test Anxiety
• Affective Objectives
• Behavioral Objectives
• Student Reaction
• Test Preparation
• Academic Failure
• Class Rank
• Grades (Scholastic)
• Grading
• Enrichment Activities
• Developmentally Appropriate Practices
• Mixed Age Grouping
• Instructional Effectiveness
• Global Approach
• Mastery Learning
• Multi Tiered Systems of Support
• Performance Contracts
• Student Improvement
• Teacher Influence
• Instructional Design
• Portfolio Assessment
• Learner Engagement
• Student Motivation
• Teacher Motivation
• Student Development
• Classroom Environment
• Teacher Student Relationship
• Creative Activities
• Reggio Emilia Approach
• Educational Therapy
• Classroom Communication
• Simulation
• Assessment Literacy
• Formative Evaluation
• Instructional Improvement
• Teacher Competencies
• Teaching Skills
• Assignments
• Instruction
• Electronic Learning
• Discussion Groups
• Educational Diagnosis
• Response to Intervention
• Academic Persistence
• Listening
• Redundancy
• Time on Task
• Classroom Techniques
• Audiovisual Instruction
• Multimedia Instruction
• Intermode Differences
• Place Based Education
• Student Centered Learning
• Individual Instruction
• Conventional Instruction
• Academic Achievement
• Teaching Experience
• Object Manipulation
• Precision Teaching
• Course Objectives
• Process Education
• Student Behavior
• Developmental Studies Programs
• Student Centered Curriculum
• Training Objectives
• Educational Strategies
• Remedial Programs
• Study Skills
• Content and Language Integrated Learning
• Acceleration (Education)
• Honors Curriculum
• Blended Learning
• Experimental Teaching
• Instructional Innovation
• Integrated Activities
• Training Methods
• Web Based Instruction
• Ability Grouping
• Computer Assisted Instruction
• Group Discussion
• Student Projects
• Teacher Behavior
• Case Method (Teaching Technique)
• Discussion (Teaching Technique)
• Student Interests
• Writing Exercises
• Classes (Groups of Students)
• Class Organization
• Course Organization
• Grouping (Instructional Purposes)
• Self Contained Classrooms
• Class Size
• Teacher Expectations of Students
• Teaching Conditions
• Prereferral Intervention
• Practicum Supervision
• Student Experience
• Teacher Improvement
• Coaching (Performance)
• Achievement Gains
• Performance Factors
• Remedial Instruction
• Group Activities
• Reciprocal Teaching
• Computer Simulation
• Computer Managed Instruction
• Simulated Environment
• Praxis
• Scaffolding (Teaching Technique)
• Course Content
• Textbook Content
• Motivation Techniques
• Lecture Method
• Learning Centers (Classroom)
• Peer Teaching
• Team Training
• Team Teaching
• Home Study
• Individualized Programs
• Diagnostic Teaching
• Course Evaluation
• Instructional Material Evaluation
• Summative Evaluation
• Creative Teaching
• Curriculum Based Assessment
• Reflective Teaching
• Questioning Techniques
• Cross Age Teaching
• Tutorial Programs
• Notetaking
• Prompting
• Enrichment
• Curriculum Enrichment
• Instructional Development
• Thematic Approach
• Material Development
• Class Activities
• Cooperative Learning
• Experiential Learning
• Independent Study
• Learner Controlled Instruction
• Demonstrations (Educational)
• Learning Activities
• Direct Instruction
• Problem Based Learning
• Student Participation
• Montessori Method
• Resource Units
• In Person Learning
• Individualized Instruction
• Drills (Practice)
• Sequential Approach
• Gamification
• Progressive Education
• Time Management
• Psychoeducational Methods
• Error Correction
• Participant Satisfaction
• Student Journals
• Knowledge Base for Teaching
• Teacher Response
• Group Instruction
• Test Wiseness
• Pacing
• Individual Activities
• Resource Room Programs
• Reading Lists
• Instructional Systems
• Microteaching
• Andragogy
• Aptitude Treatment Interaction

Core questions

• Què fa que l'ensenyament sigui eficaç?
• Com les interaccions a l'aula configuren l'aprenentatge?
• Com s'hauria de dissenyar la instrucció cognitivament?
• Quina és l'experiència viscuda a les aules?

Key concepts

• Ensenyament eficaç
• Gestió de l'aula
• Currículum ocult
• Càrrega cognitiva
• Disseny instruccional
• Interacció a l'aula

Key theories

Recerca sobre l'ensenyament

Gage va establir l'estudi empíric sistemàtic de l'eficàcia de l'ensenyament.

El currículum ocult de les aules

Jackson va revelar les lliçons implícites de la vida a l'aula.

Càrrega cognitiva

Sweller va demostrar que la instrucció ha de respectar els límits de la memòria de treball per a un aprenentatge eficaç.

History

La recerca a l'aula va passar dels estudis de procés-producte sobre l'ensenyament eficaç (Gage) i les etnografies de la vida a l'aula (Jackson) al disseny instruccional amb fonament cognitiu (Sweller).

Debates

Instrucció directa versus aprenentatge per descobriment

Si l'aprenentatge es recolza millor amb la instrucció explícita o el descobriment guiat, informat per la recerca sobre la càrrega cognitiva.

Key figures

• N. L. Gage
• Philip Jackson
• John Sweller

Seminal works

• jackson-1968
• gage-1963
• sweller-1988

Frequently asked questions

Què és la teoria de la càrrega cognitiva?

La teoria de Sweller que la instrucció ha de gestionar la capacitat limitada de la memòria de treball per afavorir un aprenentatge eficaç.