Process / pipelinecausal-inference
Propensity Score Matching
Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.
Apply with StatMindSoonVideoSoon
Read the full method
Members only
Sign inSign in with a free account to read this section.
Sources
- Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55. DOI: 10.1093/biomet/70.1.41 ↗
- Austin, P. C. (2011). An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(3), 399–424. DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2011.568786 ↗
- Rubin, D. B. (1974). Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 66(5), 688–701. DOI: 10.1037/h0037350 ↗
Related methods
Referenced by
Bayesian Coarsened Exact MatchingBayesian Ex Post Facto DesignBayesian Instrumental VariablesBayesian Matching EstimatorBayesian Observational Quantitative ResearchBayesian Propensity Score MatchingBayesian Propensity Score WeightingBayesian Regression Discontinuity DesignBayesian Sensitivity Analysis for CausalityCausal Discovery AlgorithmsCausal Impact AnalysisCoarsened Exact MatchingCounterfactual Impact EvaluationCounterfactual Impact Evaluation in Education ResearchDAG Causal IdentificationDifference-in-DifferencesDifference-in-Differences in Education ResearchDoubly Robust EstimationDoubly Robust Estimation in Education ResearchDynamic Matching EstimatorDynamic Propensity Score MatchingEntropy BalancingFuzzy Regression DiscontinuityFuzzy Regression Discontinuity in Education ResearchHeterogeneous treatment effect Causal impact analysisHeterogeneous Treatment Effect Coarsened Exact MatchingHeterogeneous treatment effect Counterfactual impact evaluationHeterogeneous Treatment Effect Matching EstimatorHeterogeneous Treatment Effect Propensity Score MatchingHeterogeneous Treatment Effect Sensitivity Analysis for CausalityHeterogeneous Treatment EffectsInstrumental Variables in Education ResearchInterrupted Time SeriesInterrupted Time Series in Education ResearchInverse Probability WeightingInverse Probability Weighting in Education ResearchLocal Average Treatment EffectLogistic RegressionMachine Learning-Augmented Coarsened Exact MatchingMachine Learning-Augmented Counterfactual Impact EvaluationMachine learning-augmented difference-in-differencesMachine Learning-Augmented Entropy BalancingMachine learning-augmented instrumental variablesMachine Learning-Augmented Matching EstimatorMachine Learning-Augmented Propensity Score MatchingMachine learning-augmented regression discontinuity designMachine Learning-Augmented Sensitivity Analysis for CausalityMarginal structural model in education researchMatched case-control studyMatched Cohort StudyMatched Competing Risks AnalysisMatched Kaplan-Meier AnalysisMatched nested case-controlMatched Phase II clinical trialMatched Phase III Clinical TrialMatched Phase IV StudyMatched Survival AnalysisMatching EstimatorMatching MethodsMulti-period Coarsened Exact MatchingMulti-period Doubly Robust EstimationMulti-period Matching EstimatorMultiple ImputationPanel Data Coarsened Exact MatchingPanel Data Difference-in-DifferencesPanel Data Matching EstimatorPanel Data Propensity Score MatchingPanel Data Propensity Score WeightingPlacebo Test in Education ResearchPolicy Evaluation Coarsened Exact MatchingPolicy Evaluation Counterfactual Impact EvaluationPolicy Evaluation Difference-in-DifferencesPolicy Evaluation Entropy BalancingPolicy Evaluation Fuzzy Regression DiscontinuityPolicy Evaluation Instrumental VariablesPolicy Evaluation Inverse Probability WeightingPolicy Evaluation Matching EstimatorPolicy Evaluation Panel Event StudyPolicy Evaluation Propensity Score MatchingPolicy Evaluation Propensity Score WeightingPolicy Evaluation Regression Discontinuity DesignPolicy Evaluation Synthetic Control MethodPropensity Score WeightingPropensity Score Weighting in Education ResearchRegression DiscontinuityRegression Discontinuity DesignRegression discontinuity design in education researchRisk-adjusted case seriesRisk-adjusted case-control studyRisk-adjusted case-crossover designRisk-adjusted cohort studyRisk-adjusted competing risks analysisRisk-adjusted Cox Proportional HazardsRisk-adjusted cross-sectional epidemiological studyRisk-adjusted Kaplan-Meier analysisRisk-adjusted Nested Case-ControlRisk-adjusted Phase IV studyRisk-adjusted survival analysisRobust Counterfactual Impact EvaluationRobust Fuzzy Regression DiscontinuityRobust Inverse Probability WeightingRobust Matching EstimatorRobust Propensity Score MatchingRobust Propensity Score WeightingRobust Regression Discontinuity DesignSensitivity Analysis for CausalitySensitivity analysis for causality in education researchSensitivity Analysis for Unmeasured ConfoundingSimulation-assisted causal-comparative researchSpatial Causal Impact AnalysisSpatial Coarsened Exact MatchingSpatial Counterfactual Impact EvaluationSpatial Doubly Robust EstimationSpatial Inverse Probability WeightingSpatial Matching EstimatorSpatial Propensity Score MatchingSpatial Regression Discontinuity DesignSpatial Sensitivity Analysis for CausalitySpatial Synthetic Control MethodSurvival AnalysisSynthetic Control MethodSynthetic Control Method in Education ResearchTwo-Stage Least Squares (2SLS)