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6,620 methods across 190 fields — what each one is, how it works, when to use it, and the source it comes from.

🎯 Decision Making1/56

TOPSIS

Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

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190 fields, 6,620 methods

From decision science to spatial analysis — every entry is structured the same way, so you always know where to look.

AHP-BOCR APLOCO ARAS AROMAN ARTASI BALANCED-SPOTIS Best Worst Method with Sorting BF-COPRAS BF-EDAS BF-MARCOS BF-TOPSIS BF-VIKOR BF-WASPAS BWM-ZNUMBER-GAME By-Production Technology DEA CF-EDAS CF-MARCOS CF-TOPSIS CF-VIKOR COBRA COCOSO CODAS COMET COMPROMISE-PROGRAMMING CONSENSUS-REACHING COPRAS CRADIS CRITERIA-REMOVAL CRITIC-M CROSS-VALIDATION CUBIC-EDAS CUBIC-TOPSIS CUBIC-VIKOR CUBIC-WASPAS D-TOPSIS DEA-SBM DEA-SUPEREFF DHF-COPRAS DHF-EDAS DHF-TODIM DHF-TOPSIS DHF-VIKOR DNMA EDAS ELECTRE-II ELECTRE-III ELECTRE-IV Epsilon-Based Measure DEA ERVD EVAMIX FDOSM FF-ARAS FF-COCOSO FF-CODAS FF-COPRAS FF-EDAS FF-GRA FF-MABAC FF-MARCOS FF-MOORA FF-SAW FF-TODIM FF-TOPSIS FF-VIKOR FF-WASPAS FF-WPM FMEA FUCA FUZZY-ARAS FUZZY-AROMAN FUZZY-COCOSO FUZZY-CODAS FUZZY-COPRAS FUZZY-DNMA FUZZY-EDAS FUZZY-FMEA-DEA FUZZY-INFORMATION-AXIOM FUZZY-MABAC FUZZY-MARCOS FUZZY-MAUT FUZZY-MOORA FUZZY-MULTIMOORA FUZZY-OCRA FUZZY-PSI FUZZY-RAFSI FUZZY-RAWEC FUZZY-ROV FUZZY-SAW FUZZY-SPOTIS FUZZY-TODIM FUZZY-TOPSIS FUZZY-TOPSIS-CHEN2000 FUZZY-VIKOR FUZZY-WASPAS FUZZY-WISP FUZZY-WPM GOAL-PROGRAMMING GRA GREY-ARAS GREY-CODAS GREY-COPRAS GREY-EDAS GREY-GRA GREY-MABAC GREY-MARCOS GREY-MOORA GREY-PROJECTION GREY-SAW GREY-TODIM GREY-TOPSIS GREY-VIKOR GREY-WASPAS HELLWIG HF-ARAS HF-CODAS HF-COPRAS HF-DFT HF-EDAS HF-GRA HF-MABAC HF-MARCOS HF-MOORA HF-SAW HF-TODIM HF-TOPSIS HF-VIKOR HF-WASPAS HFL-CODAS HFL-MABAC IF-ARAS IF-COCOSO IF-CODAS IF-COPRAS IF-DFT IF-EDAS IF-GRA IF-MABAC IF-MARCOS IF-MAUT IF-MOORA IF-MULTIMOORA IF-SAW IF-TODIM IF-TOPSIS IF-VIKOR IF-WASPAS IF-WPM INTERVAL-GRA IR-CODAS IV-ARAS IV-CODAS IV-COPRAS IV-EDAS IV-MARCOS IV-MOORA IV-PROJECTION IV-SAW IV-TODIM IV-TOPSIS IV-VIKOR IV-WASPAS IVIF-ARAS IVIF-COPRAS IVIF-MABAC IVIF-TODIM IVIF-VIKOR IVN-MULTIMOORA KEMIRA L2T-CODAS L2T-COPRAS L2T-EDAS L2T-MULTIMOORA L2T-SAW L2T-TODIM L2T-TOPSIS L2T-VIKOR Lexicographic Best Worst Method Lexicographic Goal Programming LINMAP LMAW LOCAL-OWA LOCAL-WLC LOPM LPF-EDAS MABAC MACONT MAIRCA MARA MARCOS MAUT MEREC-G MHF-TOPSIS MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION MOORA MOOSRA MPF-HF-TOPSIS MPF-TOPSIS-LING MULTIMOORA N-ARAS N-AROMAN N-COCOSO N-CODAS N-COPRAS N-DNMA N-EDAS N-GRA N-MABAC N-MARCOS N-MOORA N-MULTIMOORA N-PSI N-RAFSI N-RAWEC N-SPOTIS N-TODIM N-TOPSIS N-VIKOR N-WASPAS N-WISP N-WPM NAIADE Non-linear Best Worst Method NSS-CODAS OCRA Ordinal Priority Approach ORESTE OWA P-ARAS P-AROMAN P-COCOSO P-CODAS P-COPRAS P-DNMA P-EDAS P-GRA P-MABAC P-MARCOS P-MAUT P-MOORA P-MULTIMOORA P-OCRA P-PSI P-RAFSI P-RAWEC P-ROV P-SAW P-SPOTIS P-TODIM P-TOPSIS P-VIKOR P-WASPAS P-WISP P-WPM PAM PF-ARAS PF-COCOSO PF-CODAS PF-COPRAS PF-EDAS PF-GRA PF-MABAC PF-MARCOS PF-MOORA PF-SAW PF-TODIM PF-TOPSIS PF-VIKOR PF-WASPAS PF-WPM PHF-COPRAS PHF-EDAS PHF-TOPSIS PHF-VIKOR PHFS-EHVAR PHFS-HVAR PIF-ARAS PIF-ARTASI PIF-CODAS PIF-COPRAS PIF-EDAS PIF-MARCOS PIF-MOORA PIF-SAW PIF-TODIM PIF-TOPSIS PIF-VIKOR PIF-WASPAS PIV PL-EDAS PL-MABAC PL-MARCOS PL-MULTIMOORA PL-TODIM PL-TOPSIS PL-VIKOR PROB-ARAS PROBID PROMETHEE-GAIA PROMETHEE-I PROMETHEE-V PROMETHEE-VI PROSA-C PROXIMITY-WLC PSI QR-ARAS QR-COCOSO QR-CODAS QR-COPRAS QR-EDAS QR-GRA QR-MABAC QR-MARCOS QR-MOORA QR-SAW QR-TODIM QR-TOPSIS QR-VIKOR QR-WASPAS QR-WPM QUALIFLEX RAFSI RAM RANK-REVERSAL RAPS RAWEC REGIME RIM ROUGH-ARAS ROUGH-COPRAS ROUGH-DRSA ROUGH-EDAS ROUGH-MABAC ROUGH-MARCOS ROUGH-MOORA ROUGH-SAW ROUGH-TODIM ROUGH-TOPSIS ROUGH-VIKOR ROUGH-WASPAS ROV SAW SECA SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS SF-ARAS SF-COCOSO SF-CODAS SF-COPRAS SF-EDAS SF-GRA SF-MABAC SF-MARCOS SF-MOORA SF-SAW SF-TODIM SF-TOPSIS SF-VIKOR SF-WASPAS SF-WPM SIMUS SMAA SMAA2 SMART SNHF-TOPSIS SOWA SPOTIS SPROBID STOCHASTIC-UTA Stratified Best Worst Method SWARA II TAXONOMY TIFN-CODAS TODIM TOPSIS TVN-MULTIMOORA UTA UTASTAR VIKOR VIKOR-SMAA WASPAS WEBIRA WEDBA WEIGHT-SENSITIVITY WEIGHTED-VOTING WINGS WISP WPM WSM Z-COPRAS Z-EDAS Z-MARCOS Z-PROMETHEE Z-TOPSIS Z-VIKOR Z-WASPAS ZF-CRADIS ELECTRE ELECTRE-I EXPROM-I EXPROM-II FF-PROMETHEE FUZZY-ELECTRE-I FUZZY-ELECTRE-II FUZZY-ELECTRE-III FUZZY-PROMETHEE GREY-PROMETHEE HF-ELECTRE-I HF-ELECTRE-II HF-QUALIFLEX HFL-PROMETHEE IF-PROMETHEE MPF-ELECTRE-I MPF-ELECTRE-II MPF-ELECTRE-III MPF-ELECTRE-IV MPF-PROMETHEE N-PROMETHEE P-PROMETHEE PAMSSEM-I PAMSSEM-II PF-ELECTRE-II PF-PROMETHEE PROMETHEE PROMETHEE-II PROMETHEE-III QR-PROMETHEE SF-PROMETHEE SIR AHP ANP B-WENSLO BWM BWM-BAYESIAN CIMAS DANP DELPHI DEMATEL DIBR F-LMAW FUCOM FUCOM-F FUZZY-AHP FUZZY-BWM FUZZY-DELPHI FUZZY-SIWEC HF-AHP HFL-AHP LBWA MACBETH PIF-CIMAS PIPRECIA REVISED-SIMOS ROC-WEIGHT SIWEC SMART-WEIGHT SWARA SWING AVERAGE-RANKING BORDA BRAUERS-DOMINANCE CHOQUET-INTEGRAL CONDORCET COOK-SEIFORD COPELAND DODGSON KEMENY-YOUNG MEDIAN-RANKING MPF-DOMBI-WA NANSON PIF-DOMBI RAT SCHULZE WAM CCSD CILOS CRITIC ENTROPY FARE GINI-WEIGHT IDOCRIW IF-ENTROPY LODECI LOPCOW MEREC MPSI NMD PCA-WEIGHT SD-WEIGHT WENSLO DEA DEA-BCC DEA-CROSSEFF DEA-DYNAMIC-NETWORK DEA-ENV DEA-NETWORK DEA-NETWORK-SBM DEA-RAM HFEA HFGPE HFPE HFPEA AHPSORT DRSA ELECTRE-TRI ELECTRE-TRI-B ELECTRE-TRI-C FLOWSORT IF-CODAS-SORT IVIF-CODAS-SORT TOPSIS-SORT UTADIS CFZN-MARCOS DIST-CHEBYSHEV DIST-EUCLIDEAN DIST-HAMMING DIST-MANHATTAN DIST-MINKOWSKI MAHALANOBIS-DISTANCE SFZN-CRADIS SFZN-MARCOS BONFERRONI-MEAN Data-Driven MCDA HERONIAN-MEAN Maclaurin Symmetric Mean Operator POWER-MEAN WGM WHM DEFUZZ-ALPHA-CUT DEFUZZ-BISECTOR DEFUZZ-CENTROID DEFUZZ-CENTROID-GAUSSIAN DEFUZZ-MOM DEFUZZ-SCORE-IFN DEFUZZ-TYPE-REDUCTION LINEAR-MAX-NORMALIZATION LINEAR-SUM-NORMALIZATION LOGARITHMIC-NORMALIZATION MIN-MAX-NORMALIZATION NORM-VECTOR VECTOR-NORMALIZATION Z-SCORE-NORMALIZATION Bradley-Terry Model Elo Rating Plackett-Luce Model Rank Aggregation TrueSkill SAPEVO-M SFZN-CRITIC Z-AHP Z-BWM ZF-LMAW TNORM-EINSTEIN TNORM-FRANK TNORM-HAMACHER TNORM-SCHWEIZER-SKLAR AHSPR HFLPR-PRIORITY Canberra Distance Cosine Distance HF-MAXSCORE-PORT HF-TRADEOFF-PORT Jensen-Shannon Divergence Kullback-Leibler Divergence BN-ELECTRE-I BN-TOPSIS Bray-Curtis Dissimilarity CFZN-WASPAS Dynamic Time Warping Gower Distance Haversine Distance Hellinger Distance Levenshtein Distance PIF-CIMAS-ARTASI Sorensen-Dice Coefficient

What every page gives you

Built like a method monograph

Each entry follows the same rigorous structure — so a method you've never seen reads as clearly as one you know by heart.

Definition & tagsA one-sentence definition plus family, data type and assumptions at a glance.

How it worksStep-by-step formulation, formulas transcribed faithfully from the seminal paper.

When to use / avoidConcrete fit cases and the alternatives to reach for when it doesn't fit.

Worked exampleA small, real decision matrix run end-to-end with the resulting ranking.

SourceFull citation with DOI or ISBN — every claim traceable to its origin.

Why researchers trust it

Reference-grade, not blog-grade

Grounded in sources

Every method traces back to the paper or book that introduced it — cited with DOI or ISBN, never paraphrased from memory.

Faithful formulas

Equations are transcribed directly from seminal works and audited against the original notation, step by step.

Built to grow

An expanding catalogue across 190 fields, structured for multilingual delivery and continuous review.

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Read the method, then run it on your data.

Every page links to a companion tool in the ScholarGate ecosystem — so the moment a method clicks, you can apply it without leaving the idea behind.

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