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185

Environment & Sustainability160

手法統計学1,836 人工知能・機械学習1,661 意思決定科学932 研究方法1,354 測定1,745 因果とエビデンス532 研究実践118

714 件の手法 Health & Medicineでクリア

フィルターに一致する実在の手法。

並べ替え人気順 A–Z Z–A 新着順

Dissolution f1/f2 Similarity

The f1 and f2 factors are dimensionless statistical measures developed by Moore and Flanner to quantify the similarity between two dissolution profiles. Adopted by regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA) as the gold standard for comparing dissolution curves, these factors enable rapid assessment of whether formulation changes s

2件の出典1996

health outcomes

DLQI

The DLQI is the primary patient-centered outcome measure in dermatology research and clinical practice. Developed by Andrew Finlay and Gul Khan in 1994, this 10-item self-report questionnaire quantifies the impact of skin disease on patients' daily functioning, emotional well-being, social relationships, and work capac

3件の出典1994

Dose-Response Analysis

Dose-response analysis quantifies the relationship between the magnitude of an exposure (the dose) and the probability or rate of an outcome (the response). It is a core analytical strategy in epidemiology and toxicology, providing evidence that increasing exposure systematically increases — or decreases — the risk of

health outcomes

DQOL

The DQOL is a patient-reported measure of quality of life impact in people with diabetes. Developed by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group in 1988, this 46-item questionnaire assesses how diabetes affects daily functioning, emotional well-being, worry about complications, and satisfaction

3件の出典1988

health services

Drug Abuse Screening Test

The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) is a brief, validated self-report instrument developed by Skinner in 1982 to screen for drug abuse and dependence in medical and psychiatric populations. The 10-item DAST-10 comprises yes/no questions assessing drug use patterns, consequences, and interference with life functioning.

3件の出典1982

Drug Attitude Inventory

The Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) is a brief self-report measure developed by Hogan, Awad, and Eastwood in 1983 to assess attitudes toward medication and predicted medication compliance in schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions. The original 30-item version (DAI-30) and the widely used 10-item short form (DAI-1

1件の出典1983

addiction medicine

DUDIT

The DUDIT is a brief, gender-sensitive screening instrument designed to identify individuals with harmful or hazardous drug use patterns across a wide range of substances. Developed by Berman and colleagues in 2005, it serves as a primary care and public health screening tool to detect drug-related problems before they

1件の出典2005

Duke Activity Status Index

The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) is a 12-item self-report questionnaire that estimates functional capacity—the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) a patient can achieve—based on their ability to perform common daily activities. Developed by Hlatky and colleagues in 1989, the DASI provides a non-invasive assessmen

1件の出典1989

health measurement

Duke Health Profile

The Duke Health Profile (DUKE) is a 17-item self-report measure of health-related quality of life developed by Parkerson and colleagues at Duke University in 1989. It assesses health across six dimensions: physical function, mental health, social function, general health perceptions, anxiety, and depression. The instru

3件の出典1989

speech language pathology

Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale

The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) is a 7-point clinician-rated ordinal scale that measures the severity of swallowing dysfunction and functional swallowing outcomes across two dimensions: safety (penetration-aspiration risk) and efficiency (oral intake adequacy and diet level tolerance). Developed by O'Ne

3件の出典1999

Early Warning Score

The Early Warning Score (EWS), most commonly known as the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in the UK, is a standardized tool for identifying acutely unwell patients at risk of deterioration. Developed by the Royal College of Physicians and validated through research by Smith, Prytherch, and colleagues, NEWS combines

2件の出典2012

EASI

The EASI is a structured, clinician-administered tool for assessing the extent and intensity of atopic dermatitis across the body. Developed by Hanifin and colleagues in 2001, it divides the body into four regions with weighted area factors, ensuring proportional contribution to total score. EASI has become the primary

2件の出典2001

implementation science

EBPAS-36

The EBPAS-36 is a 36-item self-report questionnaire that assesses clinicians' and organizational leaders' attitudes toward adopting and implementing evidence-based practices (EBP). Developed by Aarons in 2005 and refined through multiple validation studies, it measures four core dimensions: perceived requirements to ad

1件の出典2005

Ecological Study

An ecological study is an observational epidemiological design in which the unit of analysis is a group or population — a country, region, city, or time period — rather than an individual. Exposures and outcomes are measured as aggregates (rates, proportions, or means) and then correlated across groups to generate or e

2件の出典1854

clinical psychology

EDE-Q

The EDE-Q is a 28-item self-report questionnaire derived from the gold-standard Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview. Developed by Fairburn and Beglin in 1993, it measures the cognitive, behavioural, and attitudinal features of eating disorders. It is widely used in both research and clinical screening because i

3件の出典1993

clinical psychology

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a 10-item self-report screening questionnaire developed by John Cox, Jeni Holden, and Ruth Sagovsky in 1987 to identify postnatal depression in new mothers. Published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, the EPDS specifically addresses depressive symptoms common in the postp

3件の出典1987

EDSS

The EDSS is the most widely used clinical disability rating scale in multiple sclerosis research and practice. Developed by John Kurtzke in 1983, it provides a 0-10 ordinal scale capturing disease severity across eight neurological functional systems and functional status. The EDSS remains the primary endpoint in MS cl

1件の出典1983

occupational health

Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale

The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale is an occupational stress assessment tool based on a reciprocal model of work stress. Developed by Johannes Siegrist in 1996, the ERI measures the degree to which employees experience imbalance between their job efforts (demands, overcommitment) and job rewards (income, recogniti

2件の出典1996

health informatics

eHealth Literacy Scale

The eHealth Literacy Scale measures individuals' ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply that knowledge to health decision-making. Developed by Norman and Skinner in 2006, it assesses functional, communicative, and critical digital health literacy competencie

1件の出典2006

pharmacometrics

Emax Model

The Emax model is a nonlinear pharmacodynamic model that describes the relationship between drug concentration and biological effect. Introduced by Holford and Sheiner in 1981, it characterizes dose-response curves using three fundamental parameters: the maximum achievable effect (Emax), the concentration producing hal

1件の出典1981

clinical psychology

Emotion Dysregulation Scale

The EDS is a brief self-report measure of emotion dysregulation—difficulty managing and controlling emotional responses. Developed by Silk, Steinberg, and Morris in 2003 in longitudinal adolescent research, it captures emotional lability, emotional negativity, and emotional undercontrol linked to psychopathology and be

1件の出典2003

clinical psychology

Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

The ERQ is a 10-item self-report measure assessing two primary emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Developed by Gross and John in 2003, it has become a foundational instrument in emotion regulation research, widely used across clinical, developmental, and social psychology.

1件の出典2003

occupational health

Employee Wellbeing Scale

The Employee Wellbeing Scale (EWS) measures workers' subjective wellbeing across five dimensions: vitality (energy and physical health), motivation (engagement with work), self-perception (confidence and self-worth), social connection (relationships and belonging), and general life satisfaction. Developed by Page and V

2件の出典2009

psychiatric rehabilitation

Empowerment Scale

The Empowerment Scale, developed by Elaine Salisbury Rogers and colleagues in 1997, is a 28-item self-report instrument assessing personal empowerment in individuals with serious mental illness. Empowerment reflects the individual's sense of agency, self-efficacy, and power to make meaningful life choices and participa

1件の出典1997

Endemic Compartmental Models

Endemic compartmental models extend the classical SIR framework to capture diseases that persist indefinitely in a population rather than burning out after a single epidemic wave. The SIS model allows recovered individuals to return to susceptibility immediately; SIRS introduces temporary immunity before loss; SIRV add

1件の出典2000

EORTC QLQ-BR23

The EORTC QLQ-BR23 is a 23-item breast-cancer-specific module designed to complement the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire, assessing functional and symptom domains unique to breast cancer. Validated by Sprangers et al. in 1996, it measures body image, sexual function, breast symptoms, and arm symptoms, making i

2件の出典1996

EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL

The EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL is a 15-item quality-of-life instrument specifically designed for advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. Developed by Groenvold et al. in 2006, it is a shortened version of the QLQ-C30, retaining core QoL domains while reducing respondent burden—critical in palliative settings where f

2件の出典2006

health outcomes

EORTC QLQ-C30

The EORTC QLQ-C30 is the most widely used international instrument for assessing quality of life in cancer patients. Developed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer in 1993, it measures physical, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning alongside cancer-specific symptoms and financial im

3件の出典1993

EORTC QLQ-CX24

The EORTC QLQ-CX24 is a 24-item cervical-cancer-specific module designed to complement the EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire. Developed by Greimel et al. in 2006, it measures sexual/vaginal function, body image, lymphedema, neuropathy, and gastrointestinal symptoms specific to cervical cancer and its treatments. It is t

2件の出典2006

EORTC QLQ-LC13

The EORTC QLQ-LC13 is a 13-item lung-cancer-specific module designed to complement the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire. Developed and validated by Bergman et al. in 1994, it measures lung-specific symptoms (dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain) and treatment toxicities (sore mouth, dysphagia). It is the stan

2件の出典1994

health services

Epworth Sleepiness Scale

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a brief, validated self-report instrument developed by Johns in 1991 to quantify the level of daytime somnolence or excessive daytime sleepiness. The ESS comprises eight items asking patients to rate the likelihood of dozing off in various everyday situations. It is the most common

3件の出典1991

health measurement

EQ-5D

The EQ-5D is a standardized, preference-based health utility measure developed by the EuroQol Group in 1990. It combines a descriptive health profile (five dimensions, three or five response levels) with a visual analog scale to quantify overall health status. The instrument has become essential for health economics, c

3件の出典1990

oncology nursing

ESAS

The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System is a rapid, validated 9-item tool that assesses the severity of common symptoms in cancer and palliative care patients: pain, tiredness, nausea, depression, anxiety, drowsiness, appetite loss, general well-being, and shortness of breath. Developed by Bruera and colleagues at the U

2件の出典1991

health behavior

Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale

The Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale measures an individual's confidence in their ability to exercise regularly and maintain physical activity despite challenges. Grounded in Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, self-efficacy is the belief that one has the capability to execute a specific behavior and achieve desired

2件の出典1997

occupational health

Exhaustion and Disengagement Scale

The Exhaustion and Disengagement Scale (EDIS), based on work by Shirom and colleagues, is a brief burnout assessment tool measuring two core dimensions of occupational burnout: emotional, physical, and cognitive exhaustion, and psychological disengagement from work. Developed in the early 2000s, the EDIS emphasizes the

2件の出典2003

clinical psychology

Exposure and Response Prevention

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a behavioral intervention designed to reduce anxiety and compulsive behaviors by having clients repeatedly confront feared situations or intrusive thoughts without engaging in safety behaviors or compulsions. Developed by Edna B. Foa and colleagues in the 1980s, ERP is now cons

2件の出典1986

FACT-Anemia

The FACT-Anemia (FACT-An) is a quality-of-life measure combining the 27-item FACT-G core with a disease-specific subscale focusing on fatigue and anemia-related symptoms common in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or dealing with cancer-induced anemia. Developed by Yellen et al. in 1997, it quantifies the impact o

2件の出典1997

oncology nursing

FACT-B

The FACT-B is a comprehensive 36-item disease-specific quality-of-life instrument that integrates the generic FACT-G (27 items covering physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being) with a 9-item breast-cancer-specific subscale addressing body image, sexual function, arm symptoms, and treatment side effects.

2件の出典1997

FACT-Colorectal

The FACT-Colorectal (FACT-C) is a disease-specific quality-of-life instrument designed for patients with colorectal cancer. It combines the 27-item FACT-G core (general cancer) with a 9-item colorectal-specific subscale addressing bowel function, sexual function, and cancer-related digestive concerns. Validated by Ward

2件の出典1999

oncology nursing

FACT-G

The FACT-G is a 27-item self-report questionnaire measuring health-related quality of life in cancer patients across four key domains: physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being. Developed by Cella et al. in 1993, it has become one of the most widely used generic QoL instruments in oncology research

2件の出典1993

FACT-Lung

The FACT-Lung (FACT-L) is a lung-cancer-specific quality-of-life measure that combines a 27-item general cancer assessment with a 7-item lung cancer subscale. Developed by Cella et al. in 1995, it quantifies physical, emotional, social, and functional well-being specifically relevant to lung cancer patients. It is wide

2件の出典1995

FACT-Ovarian

The FACT-Ovarian (FACT-O) is a disease-specific quality-of-life measure for women with ovarian cancer, integrating the 27-item FACT-G core with a 12-item ovarian-specific subscale addressing cancer-related symptoms, sexual function, abdominal distension, and treatment side effects. Validated by Basen-Engquist et al. in

2件の出典2001

FACT-Prostate

The FACT-Prostate (FACT-P) is a disease-specific quality-of-life instrument for men with prostate cancer, combining the 27-item FACT-G core with a 12-item prostate-specific subscale addressing urinary, sexual, and bowel function concerns. Developed and validated by Esper et al. in 1997, it is a standard outcome measure

2件の出典1997

health services

Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence

The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a brief, validated self-report instrument originally developed by Fagerstrom in 1978 and revised by Heatherton and colleagues in 1991 to quantify the severity of nicotine dependence in cigarette smokers. The FTND comprises six items assessing morning cigarette use,

3件の出典1991

occupational therapy

FAI

The Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) is a self-report or informant-rated questionnaire designed to measure participation in activities of daily living and instrumental activities over a 3-month period. Developed by Holbrook and Skilbeck (1983) at the Frenchay Hospital in Bristol, the FAI evaluates participation in 15 ac

2件の出典1983

Falls Efficacy Scale International

The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), developed by Lucy Yardley and colleagues in 2005, is a validated tool measuring fear of falling and confidence in balance in older adults and others at risk of falls. The 16-item scale assesses how confident a person feels performing daily activities without falling (self

2件の出典2005

Fear of COVID-19 Scale

The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a 7-item, self-report instrument assessing fear of COVID-19 infection across cognitive, emotional, and physiological domains. Developed by Ahorsu and colleagues in 2020, it measures threat perception, anxiety symptoms triggered by disease-related triggers, and avoidance behaviors

1件の出典2020

implementation science

Fidelity Assessment in Implementation

Fidelity Assessment is the systematic measurement of the degree to which an intervention is delivered as designed in real-world practice. Formalized by the National Institutes of Health Behavior Change Consortium (Bellg et al. 2004) and expanded in MRC guidance (Moore et al. 2015), fidelity assessment is critical to im

3件の出典2004

implementation science

Fidelity Scale

Fidelity of Implementation refers to the degree to which an evidence-based practice or intervention is delivered as originally designed and intended. The Fidelity of Implementation Scale (or fidelity assessment framework) operationalizes this concept by specifying the core components of an intervention, defining each c

2件の出典2007

health outcomes

FIQ

The FIQ is the most widely used patient-reported outcome measure for fibromyalgia disease burden. Developed by Cynthia Burckhardt and colleagues in 1991, this 10-item questionnaire quantifies how fibromyalgia affects physical function, work capacity, depression, anxiety, sleep, pain, and fatigue. The revised version (F

3件の出典1991

FIRST

The Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST) is a brief self-report measure designed to identify individuals with heightened vulnerability to insomnia in response to psychological stress. Developed by Ford and Kamerow in 1990, it captures the tendency to experience sleep disruption during periods of worry, work pr

1件の出典1990

FLACC Behavioral Pain Scale

The FLACC Behavioral Pain Scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is a 5-item observational tool developed by Merkel and Voepel-Lewis in 1997 to assess acute pain in children ages 2 months to 7 years who are unable to self-report pain. Each of the five behavioral domains is scored 0-2, yielding a total score o

3件の出典1997

oncology nursing

FLIC

The Functional Living Index-Cancer is a 22-item patient self-report instrument that measures health-related quality of life in cancer patients across physical, social, emotional, and overall QoL domains. Developed by Schipper and colleagues in the mid-1980s, the FLIC was among the first disease-specific QoL instruments

2件の出典1984

occupational health

Flow at Work Scale

The Flow at Work Scale (derived from Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory and operationalized by Bakker as the Work-Related Flow Inventory) measures the degree to which employees experience 'flow'—a state of optimal absorption, focus, and enjoyment in work. Flow is characterized by full concentration, loss of self-consciousn

3件の出典1990

Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometry is a laser-based technology for analyzing and sorting individual cells based on fluorescent markers. Developed by Leonard Herzenberg in the 1970s, flow cytometry enables rapid assessment of cell phenotype, drug effects on cell populations, and therapeutic cell characterization in immunology and hematolog

2件の出典1976

Fluid Balance Monitoring

Fluid Balance Monitoring is a systematic nursing process for tracking and comparing fluid intake and output to maintain adequate hydration and detect abnormalities in fluid status. By measuring all sources of fluid intake (oral, intravenous, enteral feeding) and all routes of fluid loss (urine, feces, perspiration, dra

2件の出典1950

sports medicine

Foot and Ankle Outcome Score

The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) is a 42-item patient self-report instrument designed to assess symptoms, function, and activity limitations in individuals with foot and ankle pathology. Developed by Roos and colleagues in 2001 and published in the Journal of Orthopedic & Sports Physical Therapy, the FAOS has be

1件の出典2001

Frailty Model

The shared frailty model, introduced by Vaupel, Manton, and Stallard in 1979, extends standard survival regression by incorporating a random effect — the 'frailty' — that captures unobserved heterogeneity among subjects or clusters. When survival outcomes are measured on individuals who share a common environment (pati

2件の出典1979

Fugl-Meyer Assessment

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) is a comprehensive, clinician-administered scale measuring sensorimotor recovery and motor impairment in stroke patients. Developed by Fugl-Meyer and colleagues in 1975, FMA has become the gold standard outcome measure in stroke rehabilitation research and clinical practice for quantifyi

2件の出典1975

clinical psychology

Functional Behavioral Assessment

Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) is a systematic process for identifying the environmental and behavioral factors that maintain or contribute to a target behavior. Developed by Richard O'Neill, Robert Horner, and colleagues in the 1990s, FBA is a cornerstone of applied behavior analysis and is widely used in educ

2件の出典1997

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