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研究中的欺骗与汇报

研究中的欺骗——即隐瞒研究程序、假设或真实目的的信息——在满足特定标准的情况下,于有限条件下是合乎伦理的。监管框架(美国45 CFR 46.116(a)(5);APA伦理准则第8.07条)允许欺骗,如果:(1) 在不使用欺骗的情况下,研究无法合理进行;(2) 欺骗不涉及大于“最低风险”的风险;以及(3) 研究对象在接受汇报后,能够获得充分的信息披露并有机会撤回数据。欺骗在社会和行为研究(如研究偏见、从众、伦理决策)中尤为常见,因为研究对象若知晓真实假设,将从根本上改变其行为。理解何时欺骗是正当的以及如何合乎伦理地实施欺骗,对于行为研究者至关重要。

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来源

  1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). Protection of Human Subjects. Code of Federal Regulations Title 45, Part 46, Section 46.116(a)(5). link
  2. American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Section 8.07 - Deception in Research. link
  3. The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. link
  4. Festinger, L., Riecken, H. W., & Schachter, S. (1956). When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group That Predicted the Destruction of the World. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN: 9780816606246

如何引用本页

ScholarGate. (2026, June 4). Ethical Framework and Procedures for Deception in Behavioral and Psychological Research. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/zh/research-ethics/deception-in-research

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ScholarGateDeception and Debriefing in Research (Ethical Framework and Procedures for Deception in Behavioral and Psychological Research). 于 2026-06-17 检索自 https://scholargate.app/zh/research-ethics/deception-in-research · 数据集: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20539026