教育层次、学位与教育机构

本领域研究教育的层次、机构与组织形式——从幼儿教育到高等教育及其体系结构。

Scope

本领域涵盖教育层次与阶段衔接、学校与大学的组织形式、高等教育体系，以及教育大众化过程。

Sub-topics

• Military Schools
• One Teacher Schools
• State Schools
• Special Schools
• Suburban Schools
• Black Colleges
• Research Coordinating Units
• Agricultural Colleges
• Colleges
• College Credits
• Extended Teacher Education Programs
• Professional Development Schools
• Tribally Controlled Education
• Academic Degrees
• Credentials
• Special Degree Programs
• Undergraduate Study
• Virtual Universities
• Credits
• Traditional Schools
• Bilingual Schools
• Transitional Programs
• International Schools
• Boarding Schools
• Folk Schools
• Regional Schools
• County School Districts
• Intermediate Administrative Units
• School Districts
• Magnet Schools
• Multicampus Districts
• Vocational Schools
• Catholic Schools
• Private Education
• Public Schools
• Virtual Schools
• Early Childhood Education
• Preschools
• Charter Schools
• Cluster Colleges
• Single Sex Schools
• Graduate Study
• Laboratory Schools
• Community Schools
• Public Education
• Neighborhood Schools
• Instructional Program Divisions
• Elementary Secondary Education
• Consolidated Schools
• Rural Schools
• High Schools
• Correspondence Schools
• Private Schools
• Research and Instruction Units
• Day Schools
• Doctoral Programs
• Masters Programs
• Disadvantaged Schools
• Slum Schools
• Postdoctoral Education
• Montessori Schools
• Elementary Schools
• Schools of Education
• Experimental Schools
• Grade 1
• Grade 2
• Grade 3
• Grade 4
• Grade 5
• Grade 6
• Grade 7
• Grade 8
• Multiunit Schools
• Free Schools
• Professional Education
• Grade 10
• Grade 11
• Grade 12
• Middle Schools
• Junior High Schools
• Grade 9
• Small Schools
• Adult Basic Education
• Adult Education
• Elementary Education
• Lifelong Learning
• Adult Programs
• Community Education
• Continuing Education Units
• Urban Schools

Core questions

• 教育体系在各层次是如何构建的？
• 学校与大学是如何组织的？
• 高等教育如何扩展并发生变迁？
• 各国的教育机构存在哪些差异？

Key concepts

• 教育层次
• 大众化
• 高等教育体系
• 学术组织
• 机构治理
• 入学机会与阶段衔接

Key theories

高等教育大众化

Trow分析了高等教育从精英型向大众型再向普及型转变的历史进程。

学术组织

Clark从跨国比较视角考察了不同国家高等教育体系的组织方式。

History

对教育机构与高等教育体系的比较研究，经由Trow的大众化理论与Clark的跨国学术组织分析而逐步确立。

Debates

精英高等教育与大众高等教育之争

扩张如何改变高等教育的目的与组织方式，是持续讨论的核心议题。

Key figures

• Martin Trow
• Burton Clark

Seminal works

• trow-1973
• clark-1983

Frequently asked questions

何为大众化？

高等教育从精英体系向大众体系乃至普及体系扩展的过程，对高等教育的组织形式与功能目标产生了深刻影响。