Pembelajaran dan Persepsi
Bidang ini berkaitan dengan psikologi pembelajaran dan persepsi sebagaimana yang diterapkan dalam pendidikan — bagaimana manusia belajar dan bagaimana pembelajaran dapat dipupuk.
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Scope
Bidang ini merangkumi teori pembelajaran (behaviural, kognitif, konstruktivis, sosial), motivasi, ingatan dan pemindahan (transfer), serta persepsi dalam pembelajaran.
Sub-topics
- Critical Thinking
- Intentional Learning
- Verbal Learning
- Negative Reinforcement
- Pictorial Stimuli
- Visual Literacy
- Time Perspective
- Learning Problems
- Audience Response
- Learning Motivation
- Learning Strategies
- Olfactory Perception
- Applied Behavior Analysis
- Positive Reinforcement
- Cognitive Style
- Learning Processes
- Arousal Patterns
- Attention
- Habituation
- Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
- Stimulation
- Problem Solving
- Cognitive Psychology
- Fundamental Concepts
- Associative Learning
- Priming
- Serial Learning
- Patterned Responses
- Aural Learning
- Nonverbal Learning
- Symbolic Learning
- Visual Learning
- Attention Control
- Executive Function
- Cognitive Restructuring
- Cognitive Structures
- Social Cognition
- Learning Modalities
- Hearing (Physiology)
- Auditory Discrimination
- Auditory Perception
- Discrimination Learning
- Sensory Experience
- Stimuli
- Sensory Integration
- Multisensory Learning
- Learning Experience
- Theory of Mind
- Thinking Skills
- Conditioning
- Habit Formation
- Reflection
- Classical Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
- Reinforcement
- Imitation
- World Views
- Kinesthetic Perception
- Vision
- Visual Acuity
- Time Factors (Learning)
- Ability Identification
- Prior Learning
- Selection
- Decision Making
- Information Seeking
- Epistemology
- Intuition
- Metacognition
- Schemata (Cognition)
- Constructivism (Learning)
- Cognitive Mapping
- Concept Mapping
- Conservation (Concept)
- Interference (Learning)
- Misconceptions
- Dimensional Preference
- Visual Perception
- Inferences
- Organizational Learning
- Game Based Learning
- Serial Ordering
- Convergent Thinking
- Auditory Stimuli
- Repetition
- Visualization
- Cues
- Memory
- Mnemonics
- Indigenous Knowledge
- Decision Making Skills
- Active Learning
- Learning
- Authentic Learning
- Discovery Learning
- Situated Learning
- Workplace Learning
- Depth Perception
- Tactual Perception
- Observational Learning
- Visual Discrimination
- Rote Learning
- Behavior Modification
- Social Emotional Learning
- Familiarity
- Review (Reexamination)
- Abstract Reasoning
- Eye Movements
- Planning
- Cognitive Processes
- Comprehension
- Concept Formation
- Formal Operations
- Transfer of Training
- Logical Thinking
- Incidental Learning
- Suggestopedia
- Naming
- Reference Groups
- Role Models
- Creative Thinking
- Intellectual Experience
- Discovery Processes
- Kinesthetic Methods
- Adult Learning
- Transformative Learning
- Sequential Learning
- Long Term Memory
Core questions
- Bagaimanakah manusia belajar?
- Apakah keadaan yang menggalakkan pembelajaran dan pemindahan?
- Bagaimanakah motivasi mempengaruhi pembelajaran?
- Bagaimanakah faktor behaviural, kognitif, dan sosial bergabung?
Key concepts
- Pembelajaran behaviural
- Pembelajaran sosial
- Efikasi kendiri
- Beban kognitif
- Pemindahan
- Motivasi
Key theories
- Hukum-hukum pembelajaran
- Thorndike menetapkan hukum empirikal pembelajaran (kesan, latihan).
- Pembelajaran sosial
- Bandura menunjukkan pembelajaran melalui pemerhatian, pemodelan, dan efikasi kendiri (self-efficacy).
- Beban kognitif
- Sweller mengaitkan pembelajaran yang berkesan dengan pengurusan had memori bekerja.
History
Teori pembelajaran dalam pendidikan beralih daripada behaviorisme (Thorndike) melalui teori sosial-kognitif (Bandura) kepada pendekatan kognitif dan konstruktivis (Sweller), yang menjadi asas kepada amalan pengajaran.
Debates
- Pendekatan behaviural berbanding kognitif dalam pembelajaran
- Sama ada pembelajaran paling baik dijelaskan melalui peneguhan ataupun melalui pemprosesan maklumat dan pembinaan pengetahuan.
Key figures
- Edward Thorndike
- Albert Bandura
- John Sweller
Related topics
Seminal works
- thorndike-1903
- bandura-1977
- sweller-1988
Frequently asked questions
- Apakah efikasi kendiri?
- Kepercayaan seseorang terhadap keupayaan dirinya untuk berjaya dalam sesuatu tugas (Bandura), yang sangat mempengaruhi pembelajaran dan motivasi.