연구 방법을 한데 모은 단 하나의 카탈로그 — 각 방법이 어떻게 작동하는지, 언제 쓰는지, 무엇을 할 수 없는지 알아보세요.
Short-form McDonald's omega applies the omega reliability coefficient to abbreviated or shortened versions of psychological scales. It provides a theoretically sound reliability estimate that accounts for the multidimensional structure of the short instrument, enabling researchers to evaluate whether abbreviation has p
Short-form reliability analysis evaluates whether an abbreviated version of a psychological scale maintains acceptable internal consistency, validity, and structural integrity after items are removed. It is used in survey and assessment research to create briefer instruments that reduce respondent burden without sacrif
Short-form scale development is the systematic process of reducing a full-length psychological scale to a smaller subset of items while preserving the construct validity, reliability, and measurement properties of the original instrument. It is widely used when administration burden must be minimised without sacrificin
Short-form test-retest reliability quantifies how consistently an abbreviated version of a measurement instrument produces the same scores across two administrations separated by a defined time interval. It is a critical validation step whenever a full-length scale is shortened for practical use, confirming that item r
SIBTEST (Simultaneous Item Bias Test) is a non-parametric method for detecting differential item functioning (DIF) and differential test functioning (DTF) developed by Shealy and Stout (1993). Unlike parametric approaches, SIBTEST does not assume a particular item response model and directly tests whether groups differ
The Student Engagement Scale (SES) measures the extent to which students are actively involved in academic and social aspects of school or university life. Grounded in Fredricks et al.'s multidimensional framework, the instrument assesses behavioral engagement (participation, attendance, effort), emotional engagement (
The Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS) is a widely used institutional tool to measure student perceptions of course quality, instructor effectiveness, and learning environment. Typically administered at the end of a course using Likert-scale items, the SSS collects feedback on teaching methods, course materials, support
The Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument developed by John Biggs to identify the approaches and processes students use when learning. It assesses three dimensions: deep learning approach (seeking understanding and making connections), surface learning approach (memorizing and reproducing), and
The Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire measures the habitual study practices, time management, concentration, and learning motivation of students. Originating from the foundational Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (Brown & Holtzman, 1964) and refined in contemporary versions, the SSAQ identifies whether students
The Teaching Effectiveness Scale (TES) is a validated instrument designed to measure students' perceptions of instructor effectiveness across multiple dimensions. The most widely known version, the Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ), developed by Marsh (1982), assesses nine dimensions of teaching includin
Test equating is a family of statistical methods that converts scores earned on one test form onto the score scale of another form, so that scores from different administrations or versions can be compared and reported on a common metric. The foundational modern treatment is Kolen and Brennan (2004/2014); Holland and D
The University Student Satisfaction Scale measures students' satisfaction with their overall university experience, including instruction quality, academic advising, campus services, and campus climate. Multiple validated instruments exist (e.g., Student Satisfaction Index), each capturing dimensions of the student exp
Value-Added Modeling (VAM) is a method for assessing the contribution of schools or teachers to student achievement growth, developed by Sanders and Horn (1998). VAM isolates the effect of a teacher or school by comparing student gains (value added) while controlling for prior achievement and student characteristics.
Wordfish is a statistical model for scaling documents on latent dimensions, developed by Slapin and Proksch (2008). Unlike reference-based methods like Wordscores, Wordfish uses a Poisson generative model to jointly estimate word frequencies and document positions without requiring reference texts or manual annotation.
Wordscores is a text-based scaling method developed by Laver, Benoit, and Garry (2003) that estimates the policy positions of political actors based on word frequencies in their texts. By comparing word usage in reference texts of known positions with test texts, the method infers the latent political dimension of any
The Writing Apprehension Test measures the degree of anxiety and negative affect experienced in writing situations. Developed by Daly and Miller in 1975, the WAT identifies students with writing anxiety—a prevalent barrier to academic success, particularly in college coursework where writing is extensive. Writing appre