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381 مناهج في Psychology · القياسمسح
المناهج عند تقاطع عاملَي التصفية لديك.
ترتيبالشيوعأ–يي–أالأحدث
psychometrics

Rule Space Methodology

Rule Space Methodology (RSM) is a diagnostic classification approach developed by Tatsuoka (1983) that uses Item Response Theory and geometric methods to classify examinees into knowledge states based on their response patterns. Unlike classical scoring, RSM identifies which specific skills or competencies an examinee

3 مصادر1983
psychotherapy research

Rupture Resolution Rating System

The Rupture Resolution Rating System (RRRS) is an observer-based measure designed to assess the quality of therapist response to alliance ruptures and the degree to which ruptures are resolved within psychotherapy sessions. Developed by Safran and Muran, the RRRS operationalizes the principle that ruptures—temporary br

2 مصادر1993
neuropsychology

Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination

The Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS) is a brief, clinician-administered cognitive screening instrument developed by Tariq and colleagues at Saint Louis University in 2006. It was designed as an alternative to the MMSE with improved sensitivity to mild cognitive impairment and early dementia. The

3 مصادر2006
forensic psychology

SAPROF

The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk (SAPROF) is a 17-item structured professional judgment tool developed by de Vogel, de Ruiter, Bouman, and colleagues (2012) to identify protective factors and strengths in individuals undergoing violence risk assessment. It complements risk assessment in

2 مصادر2012
clinical psychology

Satisfaction with Life Scale

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a brief, five-item self-report measure of global life satisfaction developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin in 1985. It assesses the degree to which individuals are satisfied with their lives as a whole, reflecting a cognitive-judgmental component of subjective well-be

2 مصادر1985
psychometrics

SCAD Penalized Regression

SCAD (Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation) is a variable selection and regularization method developed by Fan and Li (2001) that addresses limitations of L1 penalization (lasso). SCAD uses a non-concave penalty that automatically performs variable selection while maintaining oracle properties: it recovers the true unde

3 مصادر2001
psychometrics

Scale development

Scale development is a structured, multi-step process for creating psychometrically sound measurement instruments that capture latent psychological constructs. It encompasses construct definition, item generation, expert review, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability estimation, and validity evidence

2 مصادر1991
clinical psychology

Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire

The SPQ is a 74-item self-report measure of schizotypal personality traits across cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized domains. Developed by Adrian Raine in 1991 based on DSM-III-R schizotypal personality disorder criteria, it is the most widely used dimensional measure of schizotypy on the psychosis s

1 مصدر1991
educational psychology

School Climate Scale

The School Climate Scale (SCS) is an institutional assessment tool that measures the overall social and emotional environment of a school. Grounded in organizational climate research, instruments such as Hoy and Tarter's Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire (OCDQ) evaluate dimensions including principal lea

2 مصادر1982
clinical psychology

SCOFF

The SCOFF is a five-question screening tool for eating disorders, developed by Morgan, Reid, and Lacey at the University of Leeds in 1999. Its acronym—Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food—represents its five core items. The SCOFF is exceptionally brief, takes less than 2 minutes to administer, and was designed to identify cas

3 مصادر1999
environmental psychology

SCS

The Sustainable Consumption Scale (SCS) measures the extent to which individuals adopt sustainable and ethical consumption practices across multiple life domains including food, clothing, household products, transportation, and waste. Developed within ecological economics and consumer behavior frameworks (Sundström, 20

2 مصادر2008
trauma psychology

Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale

The STSS is a 17-item self-report scale measuring secondary traumatic stress (STS)—trauma-related symptoms experienced by professionals exposed to others' trauma through their work. Developed by Bride and colleagues in 2004, the STSS operationalizes the concept of secondary traumatic stress disorder, a recognized occup

2 مصادر2004
social psychology

Self-Compassion Scale

The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a 26-item measure assessing self-compassion—the capacity to relate to oneself with kindness and understanding, rather than harsh self-judgment, in the face of difficulty or failure. Developed by Kristin Neff in 2003, the SCS operationalizes self-compassion as a multidimensional constr

3 مصادر2003
mindfulness psychology

Self-Compassion Scale Short Form

The Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (SCS-SF) is a 12-item self-report instrument measuring self-compassion, a construct closely related to mindfulness emphasizing how individuals respond to personal suffering and failure with kindness and understanding. Developed by Raes, Neff, and colleagues in 2011 and published in

1 مصدر2011
psychology

Semantic Differential

The Semantic Differential is an attitude measurement technique that assesses the connotative meaning (emotional and evaluative associations) of concepts through ratings on multiple bipolar adjective scales. Developed by Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum in the 1950s, the method reveals the affective structure underlying how

3 مصادر1957
educational psychology

Sense of Belonging Scale

The Sense of Belonging Scale (SOBS) measures students' perceptions of their connectedness and acceptance within the school community. Developed by Goodenow (1993), it assesses whether students feel valued, included, and connected to peers and teachers. Sense of belonging is a critical psychological need and a powerful

2 مصادر1993
psychotherapy research

Session Rating Scale

The Session Rating Scale (SRS) is a 4-item ultra-brief measure of client perceptions of session quality and therapeutic alliance, developed by Miller and Duncan to support real-time feedback in psychotherapy. Administered after each session, the SRS captures client satisfaction with the relationship, alignment on goals

2 مصادر2000
clinical psychology

Sheehan Disability Scale

The Sheehan Disability Scale is a brief three-item self-report measure designed by David V. Sheehan to assess functional impairment across work/school, social life, and family life domains in psychiatric and medical disorders. First described in Sheehan's 1983 book 'The Anxiety Disease' and validated in multiple studie

3 مصادر1983
psychometrics

Short form construct validity

Short form construct validity is the systematic evaluation of whether an abbreviated version of a psychological scale still measures the same underlying construct as the original full-length instrument. It combines item selection procedures with confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity tests,

2 مصادر1990
psychometrics

Short form content validity

Short-form content validity evaluates whether items retained in an abbreviated scale still adequately represent every substantive facet of the construct measured by the original full-length instrument. It ensures that shortening a scale does not hollow out the conceptual domain it was designed to cover.

2 مصادر1995
psychometrics

Short form differential item functioning

Short-form differential item functioning (DIF) analysis examines whether individual items in an abbreviated scale function equivalently across demographic or subgroup comparisons. When a scale is shortened, retained items must still behave fairly for all relevant groups — DIF analysis verifies this, ensuring that score

2 مصادر1970
psychometrics

Short form generalizability theory

Short form generalizability theory applies the G-theory variance-component framework to abbreviated measurement instruments, using G-studies and D-studies to estimate how many items a short scale must retain to achieve a desired reliability and to evaluate the accuracy of decisions made with a condensed instrument.

2 مصادر1963
psychometrics

Short Form Measurement Invariance

Short form measurement invariance testing evaluates whether an abbreviated version of a psychological scale measures the same latent construct equivalently across groups or conditions. It applies the hierarchical multigroup confirmatory factor analysis invariance sequence — configural, metric, scalar, and strict — spec

2 مصادر2000
psychometrics

Short form nomological validity

Short form nomological validity examines whether an abbreviated version of a psychological scale preserves the pattern of theoretically expected correlations with conceptually related and unrelated constructs. It is a cornerstone step in justifying the use of a shortened instrument in research and applied settings.

2 مصادر1955
psychometrics

Short-form item analysis

Short-form item analysis is the systematic psychometric evaluation and selection of items when constructing an abbreviated version of a longer measurement instrument. It applies classical and modern item-analysis criteria — item-total correlations, reliability estimates, and factor structure — to identify the smallest

2 مصادر1990
psychometrics

Short-form McDonald's omega

Short-form McDonald's omega applies the omega reliability coefficient to abbreviated or shortened versions of psychological scales. It provides a theoretically sound reliability estimate that accounts for the multidimensional structure of the short instrument, enabling researchers to evaluate whether abbreviation has p

2 مصادر1999
psychometrics

Short-form reliability analysis

Short-form reliability analysis evaluates whether an abbreviated version of a psychological scale maintains acceptable internal consistency, validity, and structural integrity after items are removed. It is used in survey and assessment research to create briefer instruments that reduce respondent burden without sacrif

2 مصادر1990
psychometrics

Short-Form Scale Development

Short-form scale development is the systematic process of reducing a full-length psychological scale to a smaller subset of items while preserving the construct validity, reliability, and measurement properties of the original instrument. It is widely used when administration burden must be minimised without sacrificin

2 مصادر1990
psychometrics

Short-form test-retest reliability

Short-form test-retest reliability quantifies how consistently an abbreviated version of a measurement instrument produces the same scores across two administrations separated by a defined time interval. It is a critical validation step whenever a full-length scale is shortened for practical use, confirming that item r

2 مصادر1990
psychometrics

SIBTEST

SIBTEST (Simultaneous Item Bias Test) is a non-parametric method for detecting differential item functioning (DIF) and differential test functioning (DTF) developed by Shealy and Stout (1993). Unlike parametric approaches, SIBTEST does not assume a particular item response model and directly tests whether groups differ

3 مصادر1993
psychology

Signal Detection Theory

Signal Detection Theory (SDT) is a framework for analyzing how observers detect signals embedded in noise, accounting for both sensory capacity and decision-making bias. Developed by Green and Swets in the 1960s, it provides a principled method for measuring sensitivity and response criteria separately, making it found

3 مصادر1966
social media psychology

Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version

The Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) is a 10-item self-report instrument that rapidly assesses smartphone dependency and addiction-like behaviors in adolescents and adults. Developed by Kwon and colleagues in 2013 as an abbreviated version of the original 33-item SAS, it measures core dimensions of add

1 مصدر2013
social psychology

Social Capital Scale

The Social Capital Scale is a self-report measure designed to assess the presence and extent of social capital in individuals and communities. Building on Robert D. Putnam's influential work on social capital as shared norms, networks, and reciprocity, the scale measures dimensions of social connection, participation i

2 مصادر2000
child psychiatry

Social Communication Questionnaire

The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) is a 40-item parent-report measure of autism-spectrum symptoms in children ages 4–15 years. Developed by Michael Rutter, Ann Bailey, and Catherine Lord in 2003, it serves as a brief screening tool for autism spectrum disorder. The SCQ asks parents to recall or report current

2 مصادر2003
social media psychology

Social Comparison Scale (Online Contexts)

The Social Comparison Scale for online contexts measures the frequency and intensity with which individuals compare themselves to peers on social media platforms, with emphasis on upward comparison (to those perceived as superior in attractiveness, success, wealth). Developed and refined by researchers including Vogel

1 مصدر2015
social psychology

Social Dominance Orientation Scale

The Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO) is a self-report measure developed by Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, and Malle in 1994 to assess individual differences in preference for group-based hierarchy and inequality. The scale measures the extent to which individuals support dominance of some groups over others, rej

1 مصدر1994
clinical psychology

Social Interaction Anxiety Scale

The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure anxiety and distress experienced during social interactions and conversations with others. Developed by Mattick and Clarke in 1998, the SIAS is a brief, user-friendly instrument for assessing social interaction anxiet

1 مصدر1998
social media psychology

Social Media Disorder Scale

The Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD Scale) is a 9-item self-report measure developed by van den Eijnden and colleagues in 2016 to assess problematic social media use characterized by loss of control, withdrawal, tolerance, and conflict—mirroring criteria from behavioral addiction frameworks. It identifies individuals

1 مصدر2016
social psychology

Social Provisions Scale

The Social Provisions Scale is a widely used multidimensional instrument for measuring the degree to which individuals perceive their social relationships as providing essential emotional and practical support. Developed by Carolyn Cutrona and Daniel Russell in 1987, the SPS operationalizes the theory that healthy soci

2 مصادر1987
military psychology

Soldier Adaptation Measure

The Soldier Adaptation Measure is a brief self-report instrument assessing psychological readiness and adaptation to military deployment. Developed by Bliese and colleagues in the context of military mental health surveillance, it measures dimensions of military motivation, unit cohesion, perceived leadership, and psyc

2 مصادر2007
clinical psychology

Somatic Symptom Scale-8

The Somatic Symptom Scale-8 is a brief eight-item self-report instrument designed by Bernd Gierk and colleagues to assess the severity and burden of somatic (bodily) symptoms. Published in JAMA Internal Medicine in 2014, the SSS-8 is derived from the longer Somatic Symptom Disorder-B Criteria Scale and serves as a rapi

3 مصادر2014
forensic psychology

SPJ Framework

The Structured Professional Judgment (SPJ) framework represents a contemporary approach to forensic risk assessment that synthesizes clinical judgment with empirical evidence of risk factors. Rather than producing a numerical score, SPJ guides clinicians through systematic evaluation of case-specific evidence to arrive

2 مصادر2003
sport psychology

Sport Anxiety Scale

The SAS is a 15–21 item questionnaire measuring trait (dispositional) sport-specific anxiety—the tendency to experience worry and physiological arousal in sport-competitive contexts. Developed by Smith, Smoll, and Schutz in 1990, the SAS is the primary instrument for assessing individual differences in sport anxiety pr

2 مصادر1990
sport psychology

Sport Motivation Scale

The SMS is a 24–28 item questionnaire measuring the motivational reasons athletes engage in sport, organized along the continuum of Self-Determination Theory: from intrinsic motivation (inherent enjoyment, mastery, excitement) through extrinsic forms (identified goals, introjected norms, external rewards) to amotivatio

2 مصادر1995
forensic psychology

SPS

The Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) is a 36-item self-report instrument developed by John Cull and William Gill (1990) to assess suicide risk, hopelessness, suicide ideation, negative self-evaluation, and hostility in adolescents and adults. It provides a multidimensional profile of suicide-related cognitions and emoti

2 مصادر1990
forensic psychology

Static-99R

The Static-99R is an actuarial risk assessment instrument designed to estimate the likelihood of sexual recidivism among adult male sex offenders. Originally developed as the Static-99 by Hanson and Thornton (2000) and revised in 2009 as the Static-99R by Hanson, Helmus, and Thornton, it remains one of the most widely

2 مصادر2009
psychology

Stop-Signal Reaction Time

The Stop-Signal Reaction Time (SSRT) task is a behavioral measure of response inhibition and executive control. Participants make rapid responses to go signals but must cancel responses when an occasional stop signal appears. By analyzing how successfully they inhibit responses and estimating the latency of inhibition

3 مصادر1984
psychology

Stroop Task

The Stroop task is a classic measure of cognitive control and selective attention. Participants name the color of words while ignoring the words' semantic content. When the color and word meaning match (e.g., the word 'red' printed in red ink), responses are fast. When they conflict (e.g., the word 'red' printed in blu

3 مصادر1935
clinical psychology

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID) is a semi-structured interview protocol designed to assess the presence or absence of DSM diagnostic criteria for major psychiatric disorders. Developed by Michael B. First and colleagues in the 1990s and updated to align with DSM-5, it remains the gold-standar

2 مصادر1997
psychology of religion

STS

The Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS), developed by Piedmont in 1999, is a 24-item self-report measure of spiritual transcendence: the human capacity to experience connection to something beyond oneself—whether understood as God, nature, humanity, or the sacred. The STS conceptualizes spiritual transcendence as a per

2 مصادر1999
educational psychology

Student Engagement Scale

The Student Engagement Scale (SES) measures the extent to which students are actively involved in academic and social aspects of school or university life. Grounded in Fredricks et al.'s multidimensional framework, the instrument assesses behavioral engagement (participation, attendance, effort), emotional engagement (

2 مصادر2004
educational psychology

Student Satisfaction Survey

The Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS) is a widely used institutional tool to measure student perceptions of course quality, instructor effectiveness, and learning environment. Typically administered at the end of a course using Likert-scale items, the SSS collects feedback on teaching methods, course materials, support

2 مصادر2000
educational psychology

Study Process Questionnaire

The Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument developed by John Biggs to identify the approaches and processes students use when learning. It assesses three dimensions: deep learning approach (seeking understanding and making connections), surface learning approach (memorizing and reproducing), and

2 مصادر1987
educational psychology

Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire

The Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire measures the habitual study practices, time management, concentration, and learning motivation of students. Originating from the foundational Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (Brown & Holtzman, 1964) and refined in contemporary versions, the SSAQ identifies whether students

2 مصادر1964
positive psychology

Subjective Well-Being Scale

The Subjective Well-Being (SWB) Scale is a broad category of brief instruments measuring how satisfied people are with their lives and the frequency of positive and negative emotions they experience. Originating from Diener's foundational work in the 1980s, SWB scales operationalize the recognition that well-being is f

2 مصادر1985
sport psychology

Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire

The TEOSQ is a 13-item questionnaire measuring achievement goal orientation in sport: the underlying reasons athletes define success and pursue achievement. Developed by Duda and Nicholls in 1992, the TEOSQ has become a cornerstone instrument for understanding athlete motivation, resilience, and response to failure.

2 مصادر1992
educational psychology

Teaching Effectiveness Scale

The Teaching Effectiveness Scale (TES) is a validated instrument designed to measure students' perceptions of instructor effectiveness across multiple dimensions. The most widely known version, the Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ), developed by Marsh (1982), assesses nine dimensions of teaching includin

2 مصادر1982
social media psychology

Technoference Scale

The Technoference Scale measures the degree to which smartphone and technology use interferes with interpersonal relationships, particularly in romantic partnerships, families, and close relationships. Developed by McDaniel and Coyne in the mid-2010s, this construct captures a modern phenomenon where digital devices cr

1 مصدر2016
psychometrics

Test Equating

Test equating is a family of statistical methods that converts scores earned on one test form onto the score scale of another form, so that scores from different administrations or versions can be compared and reported on a common metric. The foundational modern treatment is Kolen and Brennan (2004/2014); Holland and D

2 مصادر1984
clinical psychology

TFEQ

The TFEQ is a self-report instrument measuring three distinct psychological dimensions of eating behaviour: cognitive restraint (conscious dieting efforts), disinhibition (loss of control over eating when triggered by stress or environmental cues), and hunger (subjective appetite and satiety responsiveness). Developed

3 مصادر1985
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