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调查方法

92 种方法属于此方法族。

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API数据收集API-based data collection is a systematic technique in which a researcher sends structured requests to an application programming interface to retrieve data automatically from digi捕获-再捕获种群估计Capture-recapture (also known as mark-recapture) is a statistical method for estimating the size of an unknown population by sampling it twice and tracking which individuals appear德尔菲技术The Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Develope日记法The diary method is a data-collection technique in which participants record their thoughts, behaviours, events, or experiences in their own words at regular or event-contingent in文献收集Document collection is a systematic data-collection technique in which the researcher gathers and reviews existing written, visual, or digital records — such as reports, meeting mi面对面德尔菲技术The face-to-face Delphi Technique is a structured, iterative consensus-building method conducted through in-person sessions with a purposively selected panel of experts. Across mul

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本主题被引用最多的基础方法，按其提出的先后顺序排列——若您初次接触，不妨从这里开始。

  1. 日记法1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942)作者：Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries)
  2. 纵向调查1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century作者：Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies)
  3. 结构化访谈1940s–1950s作者：Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century
  4. 非参与者观察Formalized mid-20th century (Gold 1958); practice dates to late 19th-century social surveys作者：Raymond Gold (role typology); earlier roots in social survey movement and Chicago School sociology
  5. 在线调查Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)作者：Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
  6. 传感器数据收集1990s–2000s (widespread deployment with IoT ~2000s)作者：Multidisciplinary; sensor networks formalized in engineering and computer science from the 1990s onward
  7. API数据收集2000s–2010s (formalized as a research method)作者：Emerged from computational social science and web 2.0 platform practices
  8. 现场记录Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century)作者：Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.
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全部方法 92

API数据收集捕获-再捕获种群估计德尔菲技术日记法文献收集面对面德尔菲技术面对面日记法面对面田野笔记面对面焦点小组面对面参与式观察面对面研究日记面对面半结构化访谈面对面传感器数据收集面对面结构化访谈面访调查现场记录纵向日记法纵向焦点小组纵向深度访谈纵向非参与式观察纵向研究日记纵向半结构化访谈纵向传感器数据收集纵向结构化访谈纵向调查纵向网络爬取移动API数据收集移动德尔菲技术移动日记法移动现场笔记移动深度访谈移动研究日记移动半结构化访谈移动传感器数据收集移动结构化访谈移动调查多源API数据收集多源德尔菲技术多源文献收集多源现场笔记多源焦点小组多源深度访谈多源非参与式观察多源参与式观察多源半结构化访谈非参与者观察在线德尔菲技术在线日记法在线文档收集在线田野笔记在线焦点小组在线非参与式观察在线参与式观察在线研究日记在线半结构化访谈在线传感器数据收集在线结构化访谈在线调查远程德尔菲技术远程文档收集远程焦点小组远程非参与式观察远程参与式观察远程研究日记远程半结构化访谈远程传感器数据采集远程调查远程网页抓取研究日志传感器数据收集Fay-Herriot模型（小区域估计）结构化访谈调查电话辅助德尔菲技术电话辅助田野笔记电话辅助焦点小组电话辅助深度访谈电话辅助研究日记电话辅助半结构化访谈电话辅助传感器数据收集电话辅助调查三角测量德尔菲技术三角日记法三角文档集三角检验证据三角深度访谈三角化非参与观察三角研究日记三角半结构化访谈三角结构化访谈三角调查Web Scraping