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发表偏倚

发表偏倚是指研究结果影响该研究是否被发表的现象。通常,具有统计学显著性或阳性结果的研究比那些非显著性或阴性结果的研究更有可能被发表,即使两者都具有科学有效性。这种偏倚扭曲了已发表的文献,使得治疗方法看起来比实际更有效。Rosenthal (1979) 将此称为“文件柜问题”:无效结果的研究被束之高阁,未予发表,从而造成已发表证据的样本存在偏倚。漏斗图和统计检验(例如,Egger检验)可以检测提示发表偏倚的不对称性;荟萃分析必须考虑这种偏倚。

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来源

  1. Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 638–641. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638
  2. Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315(7109), 629–634. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
  3. Chan, A. W., Hrobjartsson, A., Haahr, M. T., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Altman, D. G. (2004). Empirical evidence for selective reporting of outcomes in randomized trials: comparison of protocols to published articles. JAMA, 291(20), 2457–2465. DOI: 10.1001/jama.291.20.2457

如何引用本页

ScholarGate. (2026, June 3). Publication Bias and Selective Outcome Reporting in Research Literature. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/zh/research-statistics/publication-bias

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ScholarGatePublication Bias (Publication Bias and Selective Outcome Reporting in Research Literature). 于 2026-06-17 检索自 https://scholargate.app/zh/research-statistics/publication-bias · 数据集: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20539026