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P值与统计显著性

P值是指在零假设成立的前提下,观察到与实际观测数据同等或更极端数据的概率。它由罗纳德·费雪(Ronald Fisher)于1925年提出,是频率论假设检验的基础。当P值低于预设的阈值(显著性水平α,通常为0.05)时,即宣布结果具有统计显著性。

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来源

  1. Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd. link
  2. Neyman, J., & Pearson, E. S. (1933). On the problem of the most efficient tests of statistical hypotheses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 231, 289–337. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.1933.0009
  3. Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2016). The ASA Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose. The American Statistician, 70(2), 129–133. DOI: 10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108

如何引用本页

ScholarGate. (2026, June 3). P-Value and the Concept of Statistical Significance in Hypothesis Testing. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/zh/research-statistics/p-value-significance

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ScholarGateP-Value and Statistical Significance (P-Value and the Concept of Statistical Significance in Hypothesis Testing). 于 2026-06-15 检索自 https://scholargate.app/zh/research-statistics/p-value-significance · 数据集: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20539026