Process / pipelinediagnostic-testing
敏感度与特异度
敏感度（Sensitivity）和特异度（Specificity）是衡量诊断测试准确性的基本指标。敏感度是指测试正确识别患病者的概率（真阳性率：TP / (TP + FN)）。特异度是指测试正确识别未患病者的概率（真阴性率：TN / (TN + FP)）。任何测试都涉及权衡：提高敏感度（捕获所有患病者）通常会降低特异度（增加假阳性）。测试阈值的选择取决于临床背景：对严重疾病的筛查倾向于高敏感度；确诊则倾向于高特异度。
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来源
- Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (1994). Diagnostic tests 1: Sensitivity and specificity. BMJ, 308(6943), 1552. link ↗
- Fawcett, T. (2006). An introduction to ROC analysis. Pattern Recognition Letters, 27(8), 861–874. DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2005.10.010 ↗
- Metz, C. E. (1978). Basic principles of ROC analysis. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, 8(4), 283–298. DOI: 10.1016/S0001-2998(78)80014-2 ↗
如何引用本页
ScholarGate. (2026, June 3). Sensitivity and Specificity in Diagnostic Testing and Binary Classification. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/zh/research-statistics/sensitivity-specificity
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