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6 विधियाँ इस परिवार में।
विशेष रूप से चयनित
कैर-मदन एफएफटीThe Carr-Madan Fast Fourier Transform (1999) is a highly efficient method for computing option prices across a range of strikes using characteristic functions and FFT. It enables rक्रैंक-निकोलसन मूल्य निर्धारणThe Crank-Nicolson method is a widely-used implicit finite difference scheme for solving PDEs in option pricing. It provides second-order accuracy in both space and time, unconditiलॉन्गस्टाफ-श्वार्ट्ज़ विधिThe Longstaff-Schwartz method (2001) is a Monte Carlo algorithm for pricing American options and Bermudan swaptions by approximating the optimal exercise boundary via least-squaresमूल्य निष्पक्षता पैमानाThe Price Fairness Scale (PFS), developed by Xia, Monroe, and Cox (2004), measures customer perception of whether a charged price is fair and reasonable relative to value received जोखिम पर मूल्य (VaR)Value at Risk is a financial risk measure that estimates the maximum loss a position or portfolio could suffer over a fixed holding period at a given confidence level. It is the stवित्तीय समय श्रृंखला का वेवलेट विश्लेषणWavelet financial analysis decomposes a financial time series into different frequency bands (time scales) so short- and long-term relationships can be studied at the same time. Dr
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