Process / pipelinemultivariate-modeling

Structural Equation Modeling

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a comprehensive statistical framework combining path analysis (Sewall Wright, 1921) and confirmatory factor analysis to test complex causal models linking observed and latent variables. Formalized by Jöreskog (1973) with LISREL software, SEM enables simultaneous estimation of measurement relationships (how variables measure latent constructs) and structural relationships (how constructs influence outcomes), making it powerful for theory testing in psychology, epidemiology, organizational research, and health sciences where complex mediation, moderation, and latent processes require integrated analysis.

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Sources

  1. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1973). LISREL: A general computer program for estimating a linear structural equation system. Research Bulletin 73-5. University of Stockholm. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.82.3.315
  2. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. DOI: 10.1080/10705519909540118
  3. Wright, S. (1921). Correlation and causation. Journal of Agricultural Research, 20(7), 557–585. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106197

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Referenced by

ScholarGateStructural Equation Modeling (Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/research-statistics/structural-equation-modeling