Latent structureLatent Factor Models
Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling
Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) is a hybrid approach that combines exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path modeling, developed by Asparouhov and Muthén (2009). ESEM relaxes restrictive zero-loading assumptions of traditional CFA, allowing all indicators to load on all factors, which can reveal cross-factor complexity and improve model fit while retaining the ability to test substantive structural theories.
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Sources
- Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2009). Exploratory structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 16(3), 397-438. DOI: 10.1080/10705510903008204 ↗
- Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Muthén, B., Asparouhov, T., Morin, A. J., Trautwein, U., & Nagengast, B. (2010). A new perspective on structural equation modeling: Guest editors' introduction. Structural Equation Modeling, 17(3), 357-370. DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2010.489963 ↗
- Muthén, B., & Asparouhov, T. (2012). Bayesian structural equation modeling: A more flexible representation of substantive theory. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 313-335. DOI: 10.1037/a0026802 ↗