Latent structureLatent Variable Modeling
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling
PLS-SEM is a variance-based approach to structural equation modeling developed by Herman Wold (1985) that estimates latent variable models by maximizing the variance explained in dependent variables. Unlike covariance-based SEM, PLS-SEM is particularly useful for exploratory research, small to medium samples, complex models with many constructs, and non-normal data.
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Sources
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 9781483377445
- Wold, H. (1985). Partial least squares. In S. Kotz & N. L. Johnson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences (Vol. 6, pp. 581-591). Wiley. ISBN: 9780471822622
- Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In V. E. Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications (pp. 655-690). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_29 ↗