Process / pipeline

Ethnography — Immersive Cultural Fieldwork

Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.

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Sources

  1. Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462

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Referenced by

AutoethnographyBiographical ResearchCase StudyClassic Grounded TheoryClassroom ObservationComparative Digital EthnographyComparative EthnographyConstructivist Grounded TheoryConversation AnalysisCritical Discourse AnalysisCritical EthnographyCritical Institutional EthnographyDigital Case StudyDigital EthnographyDigital Oral History MethodEducational Action ResearchEmbedded Case StudyFace-to-face Field NotesFace-to-face Participant ObservationFace-to-face Research DiaryFeminist Research MethodologyField NotesField-based autoethnographyField-based case studyField-based classic grounded theoryField-based constructivist grounded theoryField-based Content AnalysisField-based Conversation AnalysisField-based Critical Discourse AnalysisField-based digital ethnographyField-based Discourse AnalysisField-based Document AnalysisField-based ethnographyField-based Grounded TheoryField-based hermeneutic phenomenologyField-based institutional ethnographyField-based Life History ResearchField-based Metaphor AnalysisField-based Multiple Case StudyField-based narrative inquiryField-based Oral HistoryField-based phenomenologyField-based program evaluationField-based Reflexive Thematic AnalysisField-based Semiotic AnalysisField-based Straussian Grounded TheoryField-based visual analysisFocus GroupFocused EthnographyFoucauldian Discourse AnalysisHermeneutic PhenomenologyIn Vivo CodingIn-Depth InterviewInstitutional EthnographyInstrumental Case StudyInterpretive autoethnographyInterpretive case studyInterpretive digital ethnographyInterpretive Institutional EthnographyInterpretive phenomenologyIntrinsic Case StudyLife History ResearchLongitudinal Case StudyLongitudinal Discourse AnalysisLongitudinal EthnographyLongitudinal Non-participant ObservationLongitudinal Single Case StudyMobile Field NotesMulti-source Field NotesMulti-source Participant ObservationMultiple case-based case studyMultiple case-based ethnographyMultiple Case-Based Grounded TheoryMultiple case-based netnographyMultiple Case-Based Single Case StudyMultiple Case-Based Visual AnalysisMultiple-Case StudyNarrative AnalysisNetnographyNon-participant ObservationOral HistoryOral History MethodParticipatory Action ResearchParticipatory Critical Discourse AnalysisParticipatory Discourse AnalysisParticipatory EthnographyParticipatory Institutional EthnographyParticipatory Narrative ResearchParticipatory NetnographyParticipatory Oral HistoryParticipatory Oral History MethodParticipatory Single Case StudyParticipatory Visual analysisPhenomenologyPhenomenology in education researchPilot-tested field notesPostcolonial AnalysisQualitative-dominant case-focused mixed methodsResearch DiarySemi-Structured InterviewSemiotic AnalysisSingle-Case StudyStraussian Grounded TheoryTriangulated Field NotesUnstructured InterviewVisual analysisVisual Elicitation Case StudyVisual elicitation ethnographyVisual Elicitation Institutional EthnographyVisual Elicitation Multiple Case StudyVisual Elicitation Oral HistoryVisual Elicitation Single Case Study
ScholarGateEthnography (Ethnography (Ethnographic Research)). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/qualitative/ethnography