常态化过程理论 (NPT)
常态化过程理论 (NPT) 是 May、Murray 及其同事 (2009) 开发的一个框架,旨在解释新实践、技术和创新如何融入并持续应用于日常组织和临床工作中。NPT 不将实施视为一次性的采纳事件,而是将其概念化为常态化过程——即从“新颖且不寻常”逐渐过渡到“融入标准流程的正常例行工作”。NPT 识别出四种常态化机制:一致性 (Coherence)(对干预措施目的和价值的共同理解)、认知参与 (Cognitive Participation)(员工参与学习和使用干预措施)、集体行动 (Collective Action)(实施所需的工作,包括工作流程变更和资源分配)以及反思性监测 (Reflexive Monitoring)(对影响、益处和所需调整的持续反思)。NPT 在实施科学研究中,特别是在健康技术实施和复杂干预研究中,已变得具有影响力,并为理解为何某些创新得以常态化而另一些则被放弃提供了理论视角。
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来源
- Murray, E., Treweek, S., Pope, C., MacFarlane, A., Ballini, L., Dowrick, C., ... & May, C. R. (2010). Normalizing adoption of new health care innovations: A systematic review of empirical studies. American Journal of Health Promotion, 24(4), e5–e15. link ↗
- May, C. R., Murray, E., Mair, F. S., & Finch, T. (2009). Development of a theory of implementation and integration of digital innovations in health and social care: The Normalization Process Theory. Inform Prim Care, 17(2), 89–99. DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-4-29 ↗
如何引用本页
ScholarGate. (2026, June 3). Normalization Process Theory. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/zh/implementation-science/normalisation-measure-development
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Set this method beside its closest kin and read them side by side — the library lays the books on the table; the choice is yours.
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