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МетодаStatistika1,836 VI i mašinsko učenje1,661 Nauke o odlučivanju932 Istraživačke metode1,354 Merenje1,745 Kauzalnost i dokazi532 Istraživačka praksa118

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СортирајПопуларност А–Ш Ш–А Најновије

rehabilitation science

WHODAS 2.0

WHODAS 2.0 is a standardized, WHO-developed instrument that measures disability and functioning across six core life domains in any population aged 18 and above. Introduced in 2010, it operationalizes the biopsychosocial model of disability using the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) framework, making i

2 извора2010

health measurement

WHOQOL-BREF

The WHOQOL-BREF is the brief version of the World Health Organization's quality of life assessment, developed by the WHO Quality of Life Group and published in 1998. It measures quality of life across physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains in a single 26-item self-report questionnaire. It has become

3 извора1998

Willingness-to-Pay Estimation

Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) estimation encompasses methods for quantifying the maximum price consumers are willing to pay for a product, service, or feature. Developed through advances in marketing research and behavioral economics, WTP estimation helps organizations set optimal prices, allocate marketing budgets, value p

3 извора1998

human computer interaction

Wizard of Oz

The Wizard of Oz method is a prototyping and evaluation technique where users interact with what appears to be an automated system, but behind the scenes, a human operator (the wizard) controls the system's behavior. Developed by John Kelley in 1984, this method is especially valuable for exploring novel interaction pa

2 извора1984

WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index

The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess pain, stiffness, and physical function in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Developed by Bellamy and colleagues in 1988, it has become the gold standard outcome

2 извора1988

Wood Shrinkage

Wood shrinkage is the dimensional change that occurs as wood loses moisture from green (freshly felled) to oven-dry condition. Wood shrinks anisotropically: tangentially (along growth rings) more than radially (from center to edge), and both more than longitudinally (along the grain). Measuring shrinkage percentages is

2 извора1950

Wordfish

Wordfish is a statistical model for scaling documents on latent dimensions, developed by Slapin and Proksch (2008). Unlike reference-based methods like Wordscores, Wordfish uses a Poisson generative model to jointly estimate word frequencies and document positions without requiring reference texts or manual annotation.

3 извора2008

Wordscores

Wordscores is a text-based scaling method developed by Laver, Benoit, and Garry (2003) that estimates the policy positions of political actors based on word frequencies in their texts. By comparing word usage in reference texts of known positions with test texts, the method infers the latent political dimension of any

3 извора2003

organizational behavior

Work Ability Index

The Work Ability Index (WAI), developed by Tuomi and colleagues at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 1998, is a validated self-assessment instrument measuring the ability to perform work. The WAI comprises seven dimensions: current work ability compared to lifetime best, work ability relative to job deman

2 извора1998

occupational health

Work Ability Questionnaire Extended

The Work Ability Index (WAI) measures workers' capacity to perform their current job given their health status, job demands, and life circumstances. Developed by Finnish occupational health researchers, the WAI captures the dynamic relationship between personal capacity (physical fitness, mental health, skills) and job

2 извора2006

occupational health

Work Environment Scale

The Work Environment Scale (WES) comprehensively measures 10 dimensions of the workplace social and organizational environment: involvement, peer cohesion, supervisor support, autonomy, task orientation, work pressure, clarity, control, innovation, and physical comfort. Developed by Moos and colleagues, the WES capture

2 извора1994

organizational behavior

Work-Life Balance Scale

The Work-Life Balance Scale (WLBS) is an 18-item instrument measuring the degree of conflict and enrichment between work and non-work life domains. Developed by Carlson, Kacmar, and Williams in 2000, the WLBS assesses three dimensions of work-family conflict (time-based, strain-based, behavior-based) and their inverse

2 извора2000

occupational health

Work-Related Burnout Scale

The Work-Related Burnout Scale, most commonly embodied in the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) developed by Christina Maslach and Susan Jackson in 1986, is the most widely used instrument for assessing occupational burnout. The MBI measures three core dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion (depletion of emotional r

2 извора1986

Workload Profile

The Workload Profile (WP), developed by Pamela Tsang and Veronica Velazquez in 1996, is a multidimensional subjective workload assessment tool that refines the NASA Task Load Index by allowing respondents to assign relative importance weights to workload dimensions dynamically, rather than through separate pairwise com

1 извор1996

occupational health

Workplace Incivility Scale

The Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS) is an assessment tool measuring exposure to low-intensity interpersonal mistreatment in occupational settings. Based on the concept of 'incivility' developed by Andersson and Pearson, and operationalized by Cortina and colleagues in 2001, the WIS captures rude, condescending, and ho

2 извора2001

occupational health

Workplace Ostracism Scale

The Workplace Ostracism Scale measures the extent to which an employee feels excluded, ignored, or dismissed by colleagues and supervisors—a form of social exclusion distinct from harassment but equally harmful to mental health and performance. Developed by Ferris, Brown, Berry, and Lian, the WOS captures subtle exclus

2 извора2008

occupational health

Workplace Violence Scale

The Workplace Violence Scale measures employee exposure to physical and verbal violence, threats, and harassment in occupational settings. Developed by the International Labour Organization, it captures the prevalence and severity of violent incidents affecting worker safety and health across sectors including healthca

2 извора2006

educational psychology

Writing Apprehension Test

The Writing Apprehension Test measures the degree of anxiety and negative affect experienced in writing situations. Developed by Daly and Miller in 1975, the WAT identifies students with writing anxiety—a prevalent barrier to academic success, particularly in college coursework where writing is extensive. Writing appre

2 извора1975

X-Ray Crystallography

X-ray crystallography is a technique that determines the three-dimensional atomic structure of crystals by analyzing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays pass through them. Developed by William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg in 1912, X-ray crystallography has become the gold standard for structure dete

2 извора1912

X-ray Densitometry

X-ray densitometry is a nondestructive method for measuring wood density, microdensity profiles, and ring-by-ring density variation in wood samples using X-ray image analysis. The method uses attenuation of X-rays passing through wood to quantify mass per unit volume. It enables rapid assessment of wood quality without

2 извора2005

XANES

X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) is a synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy technique that measures the electronic and geometric structure around a specific atom by analyzing the X-ray absorption spectrum within about 50 eV of an absorption edge. Developed by Lee and Pendry in 1975, XANES is complementary to EXAFS

2 извора1975

Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale

The Y-BOCS is a 10-item clinician-administered scale designed to assess the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms in adolescents and adults. Developed by Goodman and colleagues in 1989, it has become the gold standard severity measure and primary outcome tool in OCD research and clinical trials. The

3 извора1989

clinical psychology

YFAS

The YFAS is a self-report questionnaire measuring symptoms of addictive-like eating behaviour in response to highly palatable foods. Developed by Gearhardt, Corbin, and Brownell in 2009, it is based on diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder and adapted to assess dependence-like symptoms related to food consumpt

3 извора2009

integrative medicine

Yoga Self-Efficacy Scale

The YSES measures an individual's confidence and perceived ability to successfully perform yoga practice, overcome barriers, and sustain a regular yoga routine. Grounded in Bandura's self-efficacy theory, it predicts adherence to yoga programs and likelihood of realizing health benefits in clinical and community popula

3 извора2010

Young Mania Rating Scale

The YMRS is an 11-item clinician-administered rating scale designed to assess the severity of manic and hypomanic symptoms in bipolar disorder. Developed by Young and colleagues in 1978, it is the gold standard outcome measure in bipolar disorder research and the primary efficacy endpoint in mood stabilizer and antipsy

3 извора1978

Z-scan

The Z-scan technique is an experimental method for measuring nonlinear optical properties of materials, particularly third-order susceptibility and nonlinear absorption. Developed by Sheik-Bahae, Hagan, and Van Stryland in 1990, Z-scan uses a tightly focused laser beam and moves the sample along the beam propagation ax

3 извора1990

Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview

The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, developed by Steven H. Zarit and colleagues in 1980, is a widely used assessment tool designed to quantify the subjective burden experienced by informal caregivers of persons with dementia or other chronic illnesses. The 22-item instrument measures emotional, financial, and physica

2 извора1980

Zeeman-Doppler Imaging

Zeeman-Doppler imaging is a technique for reconstructing stellar magnetic field maps by combining Doppler broadening of spectral lines with the Zeeman splitting caused by magnetic fields. Pioneered by Jean-Francois Donati in the 1990s, this method reveals how magnetic fields are distributed on stellar surfaces and how

3 извора1997

veterinary medicine

Zoonotic Disease Surveillance

Zoonotic disease surveillance is a systematic population-level monitoring approach that detects, tracks, and analyzes cases of infectious diseases transmissible between animals and humans. Formalized through veterinary epidemiology and integrated with public health systems since the early 1900s, modern surveillance pro

3 извора1900

clinical psychology

Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale

The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZRAS), also known as the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), is a 20-item self-report measure of anxiety symptoms. Developed by William W. K. Zung in 1971, the ZRAS assesses psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety in the past week. It is widely used for anxiety screening in

2 извора1971

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