방법 증거 기록

Negative Acts Questionnaire

The Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ) measures exposure to workplace bullying and harassment—persistent negative social interactions including exclusion, denigration, and intimidation. Developed by Einarsen and colleagues in 1994, the 22-item scale captures a range of harmful workplace behaviors. Bullying exposure correlates strongly with psychological distress, health problems, absenteeism, and turnover, making the NAQ valuable in occupational health and organizational assessment.

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원본 기록

방법의 원본 기록에서 그대로 복사된 인용입니다. 이로부터 수준별 검증이 추론되지 않습니다.

Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ)

분류학적 방법 기록 · process-pipeline / organizational-behavior

Einarsen, S., Raknes, B. I., Matthiesen, S. B., & Hellesøy, O. H. (1994). Bullying and harassment at work: Relationships to work environment quality. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 4(2), 215–226. · URL
Notelaers, G., & Einarsen, S. (2013). The world we know and the world we do not know about workplace bullying. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice (pp. 75–93). CRC Press. · ISBN 978-1466572089
Lutgen-Sandvik, P., Tracy, S. J., & Alberts, J. K. (2007). Burned by bullying in the American workplace: Prevalence, perception, degree, and impact. Journal of Management Studies, 44(6), 837–862. · DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00715.x

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