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Jelajahi sains berdasarkan metode, bidang, dan bukti.

Satu katalog metode penelitian — pelajari cara kerja tiap metode, kapan menggunakannya, dan apa yang tidak bisa dilakukannya.

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BidangHealth & Medicine716 Psychology570 Business & Finance410 Engineering330 Life Sciences263 Education261 Research Practice

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MetodeStatistika1,836 AI & ML1,661 Ilmu Keputusan932 Metode Penelitian1,354 Pengukuran1,745 Kausal & Bukti532 Praktik Penelitian118

852 metode · Ilmu KeputusanBersihkan

Metode nyata yang cocok dengan filter Anda.

UrutkanPopularitas A–Z Z–A Terbaru

experimental design

Multi-response Six Sigma DMAIC

Multi-response Six Sigma DMAIC extends the classic Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control framework to situations where a process must satisfy several quality characteristics simultaneously. Rather than optimizing a single output, the methodology integrates multi-response optimization techniques — such as desirability

transcultural nursing

Multicultural Counseling Inventory

The Multicultural Counseling Inventory (MCI) is a 40-item self-report instrument designed to assess the multicultural competence of mental health counselors and healthcare providers. Originally developed by LaFromboise, Coleman, and Hernandez in 1991, the MCI evaluates five core competence factors: awareness of cultura

decision making

MULTIMOORA

MULTIMOORA (Multi-Objective Optimisation by Ratio Analysis plus Full Multiplicative Form) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Brauers, W. K. M., Zavadskas, E. K. in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-ARAS

N-ARAS (Neutrosophic ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Adalı, Esra Aytaç Öztaş, Tayfun Özçil, Abdullah Öztaş, Gülin Zeynep Tuş, Ayşegül in 2023. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-AROMAN

N-AROMAN (Neutrosophic extension of AROMAN) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bošković et al. in 2023. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-COCOSO

N-COCOSO (Neutrosophic CoCoSo) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Nabeeh, N. A. Sallam, K. M. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-CODAS

N-CODAS (Neutrosophic extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Pamučar, D., Badi, I., Sanja, K., Obradović, R. — NOTE: paper uses LNN (Linguistic NS), not SVNN. SVNN CODAS originator unknown. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criter

decision making

N-COPRAS

N-COPRAS (COPRAS-IN — COPRAS with Interval Neutrosophic Numbers (INN)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Şahin, R. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-DNMA

N-DNMA (Neutrosophic DNMA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-EDAS

N-EDAS (Neutrosophic extension of EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stanujkić, D., Karabašević, D., Popović, G., Pamučar, D., Stević, Ž., Zavadskas, E. K., Smarandache, F. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, repro

decision making

N-GRA

N-GRA (Neutrosophic extension of GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Biswas, P., Pramanik, S., Giri, B. C. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-MABAC

N-MABAC (Neutrosophic MABAC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Peng, Xindong Dai, Jingguo in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-MARCOS

N-MARCOS (Neutrosophic MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Pamučar, D. Ecer, F. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-MOORA

N-MOORA (Neutrosophic extension of MOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Gamal, A., Ismail, M., Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-MULTIMOORA

N-MULTIMOORA (Neutrosophic extension of MULTIMOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stanujkic, D., Zavadskas, E. K., Smarandache, F., Brauers, W. K. M., Karabasevic, D. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible

decision making

N-PROMETHEE

N-PROMETHEE (Neutrosophic extension of PROMETHEE) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Abdel-Basset, M., Mohamed, M., Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-PSI

N-PSI (Neutrosophic PSI) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-RAFSI

N-RAFSI (Neutrosophic extension of RAFSI) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by UNCONFIRMED — Irvanizam & Zahara 2024 uses SVTraNN (trapezoidal), not SVNN. No SVN-RAFSI paper found. in undated — internal extension, no dedicated SVN-RAFSI paper. It turns a decision matrix of alternative

decision making

N-RAWEC

N-RAWEC (Neutrosophic extension of RAWEC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Mohamed, Mai; Salam, Amira; Ye, Jun (2024) — SVTrN variant. Crisp RAWEC: Puška et al. 2024. No SVNN RAWEC paper confirmed. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria int

decision making

N-SPOTIS

N-SPOTIS (Neutrosophic extension of SPOTIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Abdel-aziem, A. H., Mohamed, H. K., Abdelhafeez, A. in 2023. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-TODIM

N-TODIM (Neutrosophic extension of TODIM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Ji, P., Zhang, H. Y., Wang, J. Q. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-TOPSIS

N-TOPSIS (Neutrosophic extension of TOPSIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Biswas, P., Pramanik, S., Giri, B. C. in 2016. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-VIKOR

N-VIKOR (Neutrosophic extension of VIKOR) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bausys, R., Zavadskas, E. K. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-WASPAS

N-WASPAS (Neutrosophic WASPAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Nie, R. Wang, J. Wang, T. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

N-WISP

N-WISP (Neutrosophic WISP) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stanujkić, D. Karabašević, D. Popović, G. Smarandache, F. Stanimirović, P. S. Saračević, M. Katsikis, V. N. in 2022. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible r

decision making

N-WPM

N-WPM (Neutrosophic extension of WPM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Ye, J. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

NAIADE

NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Munda, G. in 1995. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

NANSON

NANSON (Nanson — iterative Borda elimination) is a aggregationoperator multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Orakçı, E. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

forensic psychology

NAS-PI

The Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI) is a comprehensive self-report assessment instrument developed by Raymond Novaco (2003) to measure dispositional anger and anger provocation in adolescents and adults. It integrates cognitive-behavioral theory of anger and emotional regulation, serving clinician

Nash Equilibrium

Nash Equilibrium is a game-theoretic solution concept where no player can unilaterally deviate to improve their payoff. Formalized by John Nash in 1950, the Lemke-Howson algorithm computationally finds equilibria in bimatrix games by identifying completely labeled vertex pairs in the strategy polytopes.

social psychology

NEO Personality Inventory — Revised

The NEO PI-R is a comprehensive 240-item self-report personality assessment that measures five major personality dimensions and thirty lower-order facets. Developed by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae in the early 1990s, it operationalizes the Five-Factor Model of personality—one of the most empirically validated trait tax

efficiency analysis

Network DEA

Network Data Envelopment Analysis (Network DEA) is a nonparametric efficiency measurement framework introduced by Färe and Grosskopf (2000) that extends classical DEA to multi-stage or multi-division production processes. Rather than treating a decision-making unit as a black box, it explicitly models the internal stru

operations research

Newsvendor Model

The Newsvendor Model is a single-period stochastic inventory optimization framework that determines the profit-maximizing order quantity when demand is uncertain and unsold units cannot be carried forward. Formally introduced by Arrow, Harris, and Marschak (1951) in their foundational work on optimal inventory policy,

decision making

NMD

NMD (New Method of Determining objective criterion weights) is a weight objective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bulut, E. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

Non-linear Best Worst Method

Non-linear BWM is a variant of the Best Worst Method that replaces the linear programming formulation with non-linear optimization. Instead of minimizing the maximum deviation (Chebyshev distance), it minimizes the sum of squared deviations (L2 norm). This provides more flexible weight derivation and better accommodate

Nonlinear Programming

Nonlinear programming (NLP) is a branch of mathematical optimization concerned with problems in which the objective function or at least one constraint is nonlinear. Formalized comprehensively by Jorge Nocedal and Stephen Wright in their seminal 2006 text, NLP encompasses gradient-based algorithms — including sequentia

decision making

NORM-VECTOR

NORM-VECTOR (Vector Normalization — Euclidean column-norm scaling (L2 normalisation)) is a normalization multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

NPSI

The NPSI is a 12-item self-report questionnaire specifically designed to assess and quantify the diverse symptoms characteristic of neuropathic pain. Developed by Bouhassira and colleagues in 2004, it evaluates five distinct symptom dimensions: burning pain, pressing pain, paroxysmal pain, evoked pain, and paresthesias

NSGA-II

NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) is the standard reference algorithm for multi-objective evolutionary optimisation, introduced by Deb, Pratap, Agarwal and Meyarivan in 2002. Rather than collapsing multiple conflicting objectives into a single score, it evolves a population of candidate solutions acr

operations research

NSGA-III

NSGA-III (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III), developed by Kalyanmoy Deb and Himanshu Jain in 2014, is a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm for many-objective optimization problems. It extends the popular NSGA-II algorithm with reference-point-based selection, enabling effective handling of problems with

decision making

NSS-CODAS

NSS-CODAS (Neutrosophic Spherical extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bhuvaneshwari, S., Antony Crispin Sweety, C. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

clinical psychology

Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory

The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) is an 18-item self-report measure of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Developed by Foa and colleagues in 2002, the OCI-R is a revised and shortened version of the original OCI. It assesses six dimensions of OCD: obsessing, hoarding, neutralizing, contamina

decision making

OCRA

OCRA (Operational Competitiveness Rating) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Parkan, C. in 1994. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

occupational health

Oldenburg Burnout Inventory

The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) is a brief, two-factor assessment of occupational burnout developed by Demerouti and colleagues in 2003. The instrument measures exhaustion (physical, emotional, cognitive) and disengagement (cynicism, reduced motivation) in working populations. It is grounded in the Job Demands-R

experimental design

Optimization-assisted Six Sigma DMAIC

Optimization-assisted Six Sigma DMAIC embeds formal mathematical optimization — response surface methods, metaheuristics, or multi-objective solvers — into the Improve phase of the DMAIC cycle. Rather than relying solely on engineering judgment or one-factor-at-a-time trials, the approach uses designed experiments to b

decision making

Ordinal Priority Approach

The Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) is a family of methods that derive criteria weights directly from ordinal rankings rather than cardinal (numerical) preferences. Instead of asking decision-makers to assign exact weight values or ratio comparisons, OPA asks only: which criterion is most important, which is second, et

decision making

ORESTE

ORESTE (Organisation, Rangement Et Synthèse de données rElaTionnEllEs) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roubens, M. in 1982. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

quality management

Overall Equipment Effectiveness

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a composite key performance indicator that quantifies how effectively a manufacturing operation uses its equipment relative to its full potential. Developed by Seiichi Nakajima in 1988 as a cornerstone metric of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), OEE multiplies three loss facto

decision making

OWA

OWA (Ordered Weighted Averaging) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 1988; GIS extension 1997. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-ARAS

P-ARAS (Plithogenic extension of P-ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-AROMAN

P-AROMAN (Plithogenic extension of P-AROMAN) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bošković et al. in 2023. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-COCOSO

P-COCOSO (P-CoCoSo — Plithogenic extension of P-COCOSO) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-CODAS

P-CODAS (Plithogenic extension of P-CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-COPRAS

P-COPRAS (Plithogenic extension of P-COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-DNMA

P-DNMA (Plithogenic extension of P-DNMA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-EDAS

P-EDAS (Plithogenic extension of P-EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-GRA

P-GRA (Plithogenic extension of P-GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-MABAC

P-MABAC (Plithogenic extension of P-MABAC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-MARCOS

P-MARCOS (Plithogenic extension of P-MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

decision making

P-MAUT

P-MAUT (Plithogenic extension of P-MAUT) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

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