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489 módszer Psychology területénTörlés
Valódi módszerek, amelyek megfelelnek a szűrőjének.
RendezésNépszerűségA–ZZ–ALegújabb
trauma psychology

Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory

The PTGI is a 21-item self-report scale measuring positive psychological outcomes and personal growth reported after trauma exposure. Developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun in 1996, the PTGI operationalizes the construct of posttraumatic growth (PTG)—the experience of positive life change accompanying psychological struggle

2 forrás1996
trauma psychology

Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5

The PC-PTSD-5 is a 5-item self-report screening instrument for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) aligned with DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Developed by Prins and colleagues in 2015 as an update to the earlier 4-item PC-PTSD, the PC-PTSD-5 is designed specifically for rapid screening in primary care and other non-speci

2 forrás2015
psychometrics

Process Tracing

Process Tracing is a qualitative research method developed by George and Bennett (2005) for studying causal mechanisms and causal chains within individual cases. It involves examining the sequence of events and decision-making processes within a case to infer whether a hypothesized causal mechanism actually operated. P

3 forrás2005
educational psychology

Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students

The Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students is a comprehensive instrument measuring the frequency of academic procrastination across multiple task types and identifying the underlying reasons for delay. Developed by Solomon and Rothblum in 1984, the PASS provides educators and researchers with actionable data abo

2 forrás1984
trauma psychology

Professional Quality of Life Scale

The ProQOL is a 30-item self-report instrument measuring both negative (compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress) and positive (compassion satisfaction) dimensions of occupational wellbeing in helping professionals. Developed by Stamm in 2005, the ProQOL conceptualizes professional quality of life holistically—ca

2 forrás2005
sport psychology

Profile of Mood States

The POMS is a 65-item self-report questionnaire that measures six dimensions of mood: Tension, Depression, Anger, Vigor, Fatigue, and Confusion. Developed by McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman in 1971, it has become a cornerstone instrument in sport psychology for monitoring athlete psychological state before competition, du

2 forrás1971
neuropsychology

Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire

The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) is a 16-item self-report instrument designed to measure subjective memory complaints across two distinct memory domains: prospective memory (remembering to do things in the future) and retrospective memory (remembering past events and information). Developed

3 forrás2003
clinical psychology

PSUS

The PSUS is a self-report questionnaire measuring compulsive smartphone use, withdrawal symptoms, and loss of control related to mobile devices. Developed by Hussain, Griffiths, and Sheffield in 2017, it targets the growing phenomenon of smartphone addiction in the digital age. The PSUS captures how smartphone dependen

3 forrás2017
clinical psychology

PTSD Checklist for DSM-5

The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) is a 20-item self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms aligned with DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Developed by Weathers, Litz, and Keane, it is the gold standard screening and outcome measure for PTSD in military, veteran, and civilian trauma populations. The

2 forrás2013
military psychology

PTSD Checklist Military Version

The PCL-M is a 17-item self-report inventory measuring PTSD symptom severity in military personnel. Developed by Weathers and colleagues in 1993, it directly corresponds to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. It is widely used in military, veteran, and trauma-exposed populations for screening and monitoring treatment response.

3 forrás1993
psychology

Pupillometry

Pupillometry is the measurement of changes in pupil size in response to cognitive, emotional, or perceptual stimuli. The pupil automatically dilates (mydriasis) during mental effort, emotional arousal, or approach-related states, and constricts (miosis) during relaxation or withdrawal. First documented systematically b

3 forrás1964
psychology

Q-Methodology

Q-Methodology is a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative factor analysis with qualitative interpretation to identify distinct perspectives, viewpoints, or 'factors' shared by groups of people. Introduced by William Stephenson in 1935, it uses Q-sorts—where participants rank statements on a continuum—to meas

3 forrás1935
psychology of religion

Quest Scale

The Quest Scale, developed by Batson and Ventis (1976), is a 12-item self-report measure of a third religious orientation beyond Allport and Ross's intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. The 'quest' orientation reflects an open, questioning approach to religion: someone who views faith as an ongoing journey of exploratio

2 forrás1976
clinical psychology

Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology

The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology is a 16-item assessment designed by A. John Rush and colleagues to efficiently measure the severity of depressive symptoms in adults. Published in Biological Psychiatry in 2003, the QIDS exists in both self-report (QIDS-SR) and clinician-rated (QIDS-C) versions. It was d

3 forrás2003
psychometrics

Rasch Model

The Rasch model, introduced by Georg Rasch in 1960, is the simplest member of the Item Response Theory (IRT) family. It assigns a single difficulty parameter to each test item and places both item difficulties and person abilities on the same logit scale, enabling direct, sample-independent comparison of items and pers

2 forrás1960
psychology of religion

RCI-10

The Religious Commitment Inventory-10 (RCI-10), developed by Worthington and colleagues in 2003, is a brief 10-item self-report measure of religious commitment: the degree to which an individual dedicates themselves to religious beliefs, practices, and community. The RCI-10 distinguishes between two dimensions of commi

1 forrás2003
psychometrics

Redundancy Analysis

Redundancy Analysis (RDA) is a multivariate technique developed by van den Wollenberg (1977) that combines multiple regression and principal component analysis. RDA finds linear combinations of predictor variables that best predict variation in response variables, making it ideal for understanding how sets of predictor

3 forrás1977
clinical psychology

Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire

The RSQ is an 18-item self-report measure of rejection sensitivity—the disposition to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to rejection from others. Developed by Downey and Feldman in 1996, it captures both anxiety about rejection and expectancy of rejection. Rejection sensitivity is recognized as tr

1 forrás1996
social psychology

Relationship Assessment Scale

The Relationship Assessment Scale is a brief, widely used instrument for measuring global relationship satisfaction and quality in romantic partnerships. Developed by Susan Hendrick in 1988 and based on Robert Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, the RAS measures the three core components of love: intimacy (emotional

2 forrás1988
psychology

Repertory Grid

The Repertory Grid is a qualitative-quantitative method derived from Personal Construct Theory that elicits how individuals construe (interpret and evaluate) a domain of interest—people, concepts, events, or objects—through their own idiosyncratic dimensions or 'constructs.' Introduced by George Kelly in 1955, the meth

3 forrás1955
psychology

Rescorla-Wagner Model

The Rescorla-Wagner Model is a quantitative theory of associative learning that predicts how organisms learn associations between stimuli (e.g., tone and shock in fear conditioning). The model proposes that learning is driven by prediction error—the difference between what is expected to occur and what actually occurs.

3 forrás1972
child psychiatry

Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale

The RCADS is a 47-item (or 25-item brief version) self-report measure that assesses the full spectrum of anxiety disorders and major depression in children and adolescents ages 6–18 years. Developed by Bruce Chorpita in 2000, it provides six subscale scores aligned with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria: Separation Anxiety, G

2 forrás2000
social psychology

Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale

The Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale (RWA) is a self-report measure developed by Bob Altemeyer in 1981 to assess individual differences in authoritarian attitudes, including submission to established authorities, adherence to conventional norms, and aggression toward those perceived to violate social conventions. The

2 forrás1981
psychometrics

Robust Content Validity

Robust content validity assessment applies outlier-resistant statistical methods to the aggregation of expert panel ratings in content validation studies. By detecting and down-weighting idiosyncratic or extreme rater judgements, it yields Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) estimates that ref

2 forrás1975
psychometrics

Robust Cronbach's Alpha

Robust Cronbach's alpha adapts the classical internal consistency coefficient to data that violate the assumption of multivariate normality or contain influential outliers. By replacing the conventional sample covariance matrix with a robust counterpart, it yields a reliability estimate that is resistant to distortion

2 forrás2002
psychometrics

Robust Differential Item Functioning

Robust differential item functioning analysis detects items that behave differently across demographic groups after matching respondents on the underlying trait, while protecting the procedure against distortion by outliers, model misfit, or contaminated anchor items. It is applied in educational testing, clinical asse

2 forrás1990
psychometrics

Robust Discriminant Validity

Robust discriminant validity assessment determines whether distinct latent constructs in a measurement model are sufficiently different from one another. Unlike traditional AVE-based approaches, robust methods such as the Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratio use the pattern of inter-indicator correlations to provide a mo

2 forrás1959
psychometrics

Robust Exploratory Factor Analysis

Robust exploratory factor analysis discovers the latent factor structure of a set of items using estimation methods that are resistant to outliers and violations of multivariate normality. It applies the same measurement model as standard EFA but replaces classical covariance estimation with robust counterparts — such

2 forrás2000
psychometrics

Robust Item Analysis

Robust item analysis applies outlier-resistant statistical methods to the evaluation of individual test or scale items. Instead of classical means and Pearson correlations — both sensitive to extreme scores — it uses trimmed means, Winsorized correlations, or M-estimators to obtain item difficulty and item-total discri

2 forrás1980
psychometrics

Robust McDonald's Omega

Robust McDonald's omega estimates the internal consistency reliability of a composite scale using factor-analytic loadings obtained through robust estimation methods (such as MLR or DWLS). Unlike standard omega or Cronbach's alpha, it remains accurate when item distributions are non-normal, skewed, or when the sample c

2 forrás1999
psychometrics

Robust Measurement Invariance

Robust measurement invariance testing evaluates whether a psychometric instrument measures the same latent construct in the same way across groups when observed data violate multivariate normality. It adapts standard multi-group CFA sequences by replacing ordinary chi-square statistics with robust alternatives such as

2 forrás1994
psychometrics

Robust Nomological Validity

Robust nomological validity evaluates whether a psychological construct relates to theoretically expected variables in the predicted directions, using statistically robust estimation methods that remain trustworthy when distributional assumptions are violated. It tests the construct's place within its nomological netwo

2 forrás1955
psychometrics

Robust Rasch Model

The robust Rasch model applies the standard one-parameter logistic Rasch framework with estimation procedures designed to limit the influence of outlying item responses, aberrant respondents, or mild model violations, producing stable item and person parameter estimates that are less sensitive to data contamination tha

2 forrás1982
psychometrics

Robust Test-Retest Reliability

Robust test-retest reliability quantifies how consistently a measure ranks or scores the same individuals across two occasions while protecting the estimate from distortion by outliers and non-normal score distributions. It replaces or supplements classical Pearson-based correlation and standard ICC formulas with robus

2 forrás1990
social psychology

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is a 10-item unidimensional instrument designed to measure global self-esteem in adolescents and adults. Developed by Morris Rosenberg in 1965, the RSES is one of the most widely used and shortest self-esteem measures in social and clinical psychology research. Its brevity, ease o

3 forrás1965
psychometrics

Rule Space Methodology

Rule Space Methodology (RSM) is a diagnostic classification approach developed by Tatsuoka (1983) that uses Item Response Theory and geometric methods to classify examinees into knowledge states based on their response patterns. Unlike classical scoring, RSM identifies which specific skills or competencies an examinee

3 forrás1983
psychotherapy research

Rupture Resolution Rating System

The Rupture Resolution Rating System (RRRS) is an observer-based measure designed to assess the quality of therapist response to alliance ruptures and the degree to which ruptures are resolved within psychotherapy sessions. Developed by Safran and Muran, the RRRS operationalizes the principle that ruptures—temporary br

2 forrás1993
neuropsychology

Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination

The Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS) is a brief, clinician-administered cognitive screening instrument developed by Tariq and colleagues at Saint Louis University in 2006. It was designed as an alternative to the MMSE with improved sensitivity to mild cognitive impairment and early dementia. The

3 forrás2006
forensic psychology

SAPROF

The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk (SAPROF) is a 17-item structured professional judgment tool developed by de Vogel, de Ruiter, Bouman, and colleagues (2012) to identify protective factors and strengths in individuals undergoing violence risk assessment. It complements risk assessment in

2 forrás2012
clinical psychology

Satisfaction with Life Scale

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a brief, five-item self-report measure of global life satisfaction developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin in 1985. It assesses the degree to which individuals are satisfied with their lives as a whole, reflecting a cognitive-judgmental component of subjective well-be

2 forrás1985
psychology of religion

SBI

The Systems of Belief Inventory (SBI), developed by Holland, Currier, and Neimeyer in 2011, is a 15-item self-report measure designed to assess the coherence, flexibility, and adaptive function of an individual's worldview and meaning-making system. Originally validated in bereavement research, the SBI captures dimensi

1 forrás2011
psychometrics

SCAD Penalized Regression

SCAD (Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation) is a variable selection and regularization method developed by Fan and Li (2001) that addresses limitations of L1 penalization (lasso). SCAD uses a non-concave penalty that automatically performs variable selection while maintaining oracle properties: it recovers the true unde

3 forrás2001
psychometrics

Scale development

Scale development is a structured, multi-step process for creating psychometrically sound measurement instruments that capture latent psychological constructs. It encompasses construct definition, item generation, expert review, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability estimation, and validity evidence

2 forrás1991
clinical psychology

Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire

The SPQ is a 74-item self-report measure of schizotypal personality traits across cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized domains. Developed by Adrian Raine in 1991 based on DSM-III-R schizotypal personality disorder criteria, it is the most widely used dimensional measure of schizotypy on the psychosis s

1 forrás1991
educational psychology

School Climate Scale

The School Climate Scale (SCS) is an institutional assessment tool that measures the overall social and emotional environment of a school. Grounded in organizational climate research, instruments such as Hoy and Tarter's Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire (OCDQ) evaluate dimensions including principal lea

2 forrás1982
clinical psychology

SCOFF

The SCOFF is a five-question screening tool for eating disorders, developed by Morgan, Reid, and Lacey at the University of Leeds in 1999. Its acronym—Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food—represents its five core items. The SCOFF is exceptionally brief, takes less than 2 minutes to administer, and was designed to identify cas

3 forrás1999
environmental psychology

SCS

The Sustainable Consumption Scale (SCS) measures the extent to which individuals adopt sustainable and ethical consumption practices across multiple life domains including food, clothing, household products, transportation, and waste. Developed within ecological economics and consumer behavior frameworks (Sundström, 20

2 forrás2008
trauma psychology

Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale

The STSS is a 17-item self-report scale measuring secondary traumatic stress (STS)—trauma-related symptoms experienced by professionals exposed to others' trauma through their work. Developed by Bride and colleagues in 2004, the STSS operationalizes the concept of secondary traumatic stress disorder, a recognized occup

2 forrás2004
social psychology

Self-Compassion Scale

The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a 26-item measure assessing self-compassion—the capacity to relate to oneself with kindness and understanding, rather than harsh self-judgment, in the face of difficulty or failure. Developed by Kristin Neff in 2003, the SCS operationalizes self-compassion as a multidimensional constr

3 forrás2003
mindfulness psychology

Self-Compassion Scale Short Form

The Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (SCS-SF) is a 12-item self-report instrument measuring self-compassion, a construct closely related to mindfulness emphasizing how individuals respond to personal suffering and failure with kindness and understanding. Developed by Raes, Neff, and colleagues in 2011 and published in

1 forrás2011
psychology

Semantic Differential

The Semantic Differential is an attitude measurement technique that assesses the connotative meaning (emotional and evaluative associations) of concepts through ratings on multiple bipolar adjective scales. Developed by Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum in the 1950s, the method reveals the affective structure underlying how

3 forrás1957
educational psychology

Sense of Belonging Scale

The Sense of Belonging Scale (SOBS) measures students' perceptions of their connectedness and acceptance within the school community. Developed by Goodenow (1993), it assesses whether students feel valued, included, and connected to peers and teachers. Sense of belonging is a critical psychological need and a powerful

2 forrás1993
psychotherapy research

Session Rating Scale

The Session Rating Scale (SRS) is a 4-item ultra-brief measure of client perceptions of session quality and therapeutic alliance, developed by Miller and Duncan to support real-time feedback in psychotherapy. Administered after each session, the SRS captures client satisfaction with the relationship, alignment on goals

2 forrás2000
clinical psychology

Sheehan Disability Scale

The Sheehan Disability Scale is a brief three-item self-report measure designed by David V. Sheehan to assess functional impairment across work/school, social life, and family life domains in psychiatric and medical disorders. First described in Sheehan's 1983 book 'The Anxiety Disease' and validated in multiple studie

3 forrás1983
psychometrics

Short form construct validity

Short form construct validity is the systematic evaluation of whether an abbreviated version of a psychological scale still measures the same underlying construct as the original full-length instrument. It combines item selection procedures with confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity tests,

2 forrás1990
psychometrics

Short form content validity

Short-form content validity evaluates whether items retained in an abbreviated scale still adequately represent every substantive facet of the construct measured by the original full-length instrument. It ensures that shortening a scale does not hollow out the conceptual domain it was designed to cover.

2 forrás1995
psychometrics

Short form differential item functioning

Short-form differential item functioning (DIF) analysis examines whether individual items in an abbreviated scale function equivalently across demographic or subgroup comparisons. When a scale is shortened, retained items must still behave fairly for all relevant groups — DIF analysis verifies this, ensuring that score

2 forrás1970
psychometrics

Short form generalizability theory

Short form generalizability theory applies the G-theory variance-component framework to abbreviated measurement instruments, using G-studies and D-studies to estimate how many items a short scale must retain to achieve a desired reliability and to evaluate the accuracy of decisions made with a condensed instrument.

2 forrás1963
psychometrics

Short Form Measurement Invariance

Short form measurement invariance testing evaluates whether an abbreviated version of a psychological scale measures the same latent construct equivalently across groups or conditions. It applies the hierarchical multigroup confirmatory factor analysis invariance sequence — configural, metric, scalar, and strict — spec

2 forrás2000
psychometrics

Short form nomological validity

Short form nomological validity examines whether an abbreviated version of a psychological scale preserves the pattern of theoretically expected correlations with conceptually related and unrelated constructs. It is a cornerstone step in justifying the use of a shortened instrument in research and applied settings.

2 forrás1955
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