ScholarGate
खोजें
लाइब्रेरीमेरी लाइब्रेरीडेस्कप्रीफ़्लाइटReview Studioसहायक
कार्यक्षेत्र
तुलना करें
अपना पुस्तकालय बनाएँ

विधियाँ सहेजें, संग्रह व्यवस्थित करें और उन्हें अपनी डेस्क पर ले जाएँ।

खाता बनाएँ
लाइब्रेरी / ब्राउज़ करें
साइन इन करें
लाइब्रेरी

विज्ञान को विधि, क्षेत्र और प्रमाण के आधार पर खोजें।

शोध विधियों की एक ही सूची — जानें हर विधि कैसे काम करती है, कब इस्तेमाल होती है और क्या नहीं कर सकती।

6,444 विधियाँ11 क्षेत्र7 विधि परिवार40 भाषाएँ
विज्ञान एटलसइस्तेमाल से पहले विज्ञान की संरचना का नक्शा बनाएं।क्षेत्र · विधियाँ · प्रमाण मार्गनक्शा देखें
क्षेत्रHealth & Medicine716Psychology570Business & Finance410Engineering330Life Sciences263Education261Research Practice248Natural Sciences
ScholarGate

शोध विधियों के लिए सामग्री-केंद्रित संदर्भ लाइब्रेरी — हर विधि क्या है, कैसे काम करती है और कहाँ से आई है।

मुक्त डेटा (CC-BY)

खोजें

  • लाइब्रेरी
  • विधियाँ खोजें…
  • क्षेत्र के अनुसार ब्राउज़ करें
  • क्षेत्र
  • यात्रा
  • तुलना करें
  • कौन-सी विधि?

संदर्भ

  • विषय
  • एटलस
  • शब्दावली
  • पद्धति
  • दर्शन

कार्यक्षेत्र

  • मेरी लाइब्रेरी
  • डेस्क
  • चैट

कंपनी

  • परिचय
  • मूल्य निर्धारण
  • संपर्क
  • विधि सुझाएँ

प्रविष्टियाँ संदर्भ हेतु प्रकाशित स्रोतों से संकलित की गई हैं। अपने उपयोग के लिए किसी भी जानकारी की सटीकता और उपयुक्तता की पुष्टि करना आपकी ही ज़िम्मेदारी है।

© 2026 ScholarGate · शोध-विधि संदर्भ लाइब्रेरी
  • गोपनीयता
  • कुकीज़
  • शर्तें
  • खाता हटाएं
236
Social Sciences185
Environment & Sustainability160
Law30
विधिसांख्यिकी1,836कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता और मशीन लर्निंग1,661निर्णय विज्ञान932शोध विधियाँ1,354मापन1,745कारणता और साक्ष्य532शोध अभ्यास118
199 विधियाँ Business & Finance मेंसाफ़ करें
आपके फ़िल्टर से मेल खाती असली विधियाँ।
क्रमबद्ध करेंलोकप्रियताA–ZZ–Aनवीनतम
finance

Tail Risk Measures

Tail risk measures quantify the loss distribution beyond Value-at-Risk (VaR). Expected Shortfall — the expected loss given that VaR is exceeded — is the leading coherent risk measure, formalised by Artzner, Delbaen, Eber and Heath (1999) and shown to be coherent by Acerbi and Tasche (2002). Spectral and expectile-based

2 स्रोत1999
healthcare management

TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire

The TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire (T-TPQ) is a 35-item self-report instrument designed to measure team members' perceptions of teamwork and communication in clinical units. Developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Department of Defense, the T-TPQ was created specifically to ev

3 स्रोत2008
quality management

Theory of Constraints

The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a management philosophy and continuous improvement framework introduced by Eliyahu Goldratt in his 1984 novel The Goal and formalized in his 1990 book. TOC holds that every system has at least one constraint — a bottleneck that limits the system's overall throughput — and that systema

1 स्रोत1990
operations management

Total Productive Maintenance

Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a comprehensive maintenance management approach developed by Seiichi Nakajima in the late 1980s that emphasizes employee involvement, preventive maintenance, and continuous improvement to maximize equipment effectiveness. Unlike traditional reactive maintenance, TPM integrates main

2 स्रोत1988
tourism management

Tourist Loyalty Scale

The Tourist Loyalty Scale (TLS) measures the extent to which visitors intend to return to a destination and recommend it to others, reflecting behavioral commitment and preference relative to competing destinations. Developed by Oppermann (2000) and refined across multiple tourism contexts, the TLS captures the ultimat

4 स्रोत2000
organizational behavior

Toxic Leadership Scale

The Toxic Leadership Scale (TLS) is a 16-item instrument measuring destructive leadership behaviors including abusive supervision, narcissism, and authoritarian control. Developed by Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad in 2007, the TLS identifies harmful leadership behaviors that undermine organizational effectiveness and

2 स्रोत2007
organizational behavior

Transformational Leadership Scale

The Transformational Leadership Scale (TLS), operationalized in the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), was developed by Bass and Avolio (1985, 1991) to measure leadership styles across a continuum from transactional to transformational. Transformational leadership comprises four dimensions: idealized influence

2 स्रोत1985
economics

Travel Cost Method

The Travel Cost Method (TCM), developed by Harold Hotelling in 1949 and formalized by Marion Clawson and Jack Knetsch in the 1960s, is an econometric approach for valuing recreational sites and environmental amenities by inferring value from the travel costs (transportation, time, entry fees) that people incur to visit

3 स्रोत1949
tourism management

Travel Motivation Scale

The Travel Motivation Scale (TMS) measures the underlying reasons and psychological drivers that prompt individuals to take vacations and choose specific destinations. Developed by Crompton (1979) and Iso-Ahola (1982), and theoretically grounded in push–pull motivation theory, the TMS operationalizes intrinsic motivati

4 स्रोत1979
finance

Value at Risk

Value at Risk is a financial risk measure that estimates the maximum loss a position or portfolio could suffer over a fixed holding period at a given confidence level. It is the standard benchmark in risk management and regulatory capital calculations, developed in the textbook tradition of Jorion (2007) and the Basel

2 स्रोत2007
quality management

Value Stream Mapping

Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a lean management technique used to visualize, analyze, and improve the flow of materials and information required to bring a product or service from raw input to customer delivery. Introduced by Mike Rother and John Shook in their 1999 workbook Learning to See, VSM draws on the Toyota Pro

1 स्रोत1999
marketing

Van Westendorp Price Sensitivity Meter

The Van Westendorp Price Sensitivity Meter is a market research method developed by Peter van Westendorp in 1993 for assessing consumer price perception and estimating willingness-to-pay ranges without directly asking customers their maximum price. The method uses four simple questions about price acceptability, yieldi

3 स्रोत1993
finance

VaR Backtesting

VaR backtesting is a family of statistical tests that validate a risk model by comparing its Value-at-Risk forecasts against realised losses. It builds on Kupiec's (1995) unconditional coverage test, Christoffersen's (1998) conditional coverage test, and the Engle-Manganelli Dynamic Quantile (DQ) test.

2 स्रोत1998
operations management

Vendor-Managed Inventory

Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) is a supply chain arrangement in which the supplier (vendor) has visibility into the customer's inventory levels and assumes responsibility for replenishing inventory to pre-agreed levels. Rather than customers placing orders based on internal forecasts, the supplier monitors actual consu

2 स्रोत2006
finance

Wavelet Financial Analysis

Wavelet financial analysis decomposes a financial time series into different frequency bands (time scales) so short- and long-term relationships can be studied at the same time. Drawing on the treatments of Gençay, Selçuk and Whitcher (2001) and Aguiar-Conraria and Soares (2014), wavelet coherence then visualises how t

2 स्रोत2001
health economics

Willingness to Pay in Health

Willingness to pay (WTP) is an economic valuation method that elicits what individuals or society are willing to spend for a health benefit or to avoid a health risk. Rooted in contingent valuation (Carson & Louviere, 1980s), WTP is used to monetize health outcomes for cost-benefit analysis and to infer implicit cost-e

3 स्रोत1980
marketing

Willingness-to-Pay Estimation

Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) estimation encompasses methods for quantifying the maximum price consumers are willing to pay for a product, service, or feature. Developed through advances in marketing research and behavioral economics, WTP estimation helps organizations set optimal prices, allocate marketing budgets, value p

3 स्रोत1998
organizational behavior

Work Ability Index

The Work Ability Index (WAI), developed by Tuomi and colleagues at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 1998, is a validated self-assessment instrument measuring the ability to perform work. The WAI comprises seven dimensions: current work ability compared to lifetime best, work ability relative to job deman

2 स्रोत1998
organizational behavior

Work-Life Balance Scale

The Work-Life Balance Scale (WLBS) is an 18-item instrument measuring the degree of conflict and enrichment between work and non-work life domains. Developed by Carlson, Kacmar, and Williams in 2000, the WLBS assesses three dimensions of work-family conflict (time-based, strain-based, behavior-based) and their inverse

2 स्रोत2000
← 34 / 4