Skip to contentScholarGate
LibraryBookshelfDeskReview StudioAssistant
Sign in
On this page
IntuitionHow it worksWhen to use itStrengths & limitationsCommon pitfalls🔒 Read the full methodSourcesRelated methods
Cite this pageSpotted an issue on this page? Report or suggest a fix →
Home›Decision-making›Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis
MCDMWeight Subjectivecrisp

Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis

SWARA (Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Keršulienė, V., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z. in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

ScholarGate
  1. MCDM
  2. v1
  3. 1 Sources
  4. PUBLISHED
Cite this page →
Tools & resources
Download slides
Learn & explore

Read the full method

Members only

Sign in with a free account to read this section.

Sign in

Method map

The neighbourhood of related methods — select a node to explore.

SWARA
AHPSORTAPLOCOARASAROMANARTASICOBRACOCOSOCODASBALANCED-SPOTISHF-QUALIFLEX

+16 more

When to use it

SWARA requires the DM to first rank criteria from most to least important, then specify how much more important each criterion is relative to the next one (s_j ≥ 0). s_j = 0 means criterion j and j+1 are equally important; s_j = 0.5 means j is 50% more important. Only n−1 judgements are needed.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.
Limitations
  • Results depend on the chosen normalisation, weights, and parameter settings.

Sources

  1. Keršulienė, V., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Journal of Business Economics and Management DOI: 10.3846/jbem.2010.12 ↗

How to cite this page

ScholarGate. (2026, June 2). Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/en/decision-making/swara

Related methods

AHPSORTAPLOCOARASAROMANARTASICOBRACOCOSOCODAS

Which method?

Set this method beside its closest kin and read them side by side — the library lays the books on the table; the choice is yours.

  • AHPSORTDecision-making↔ compare
  • APLOCODecision-making↔ compare
  • ARASDecision-making↔ compare
  • AROMANDecision-making↔ compare
  • ARTASIDecision-making↔ compare
  • COBRADecision-making↔ compare
  • COCOSODecision-making↔ compare
  • CODASDecision-making↔ compare
Compare side by side →

Referenced by

BALANCED-SPOTISCOBRAHF-QUALIFLEXIVIF-ARASIVIF-MABACIVIF-TODIMIVIF-VIKORLOCAL-OWALOCAL-WLCPHF-COPRASPL-MULTIMOORAPROBIDPROMETHEE-IIPROXIMITY-WLCRAMSOWASWARA IITIFN-CODASZ-PROMETHEE

Similar methods

SWARA IIARASPIPRECIAWASPASMULTIMOORAMOORAFUZZY-ARASSMART-WEIGHT

Related reference concepts

Decision MakingDecision Support SystemsWeighted ScoresEvaluation CriteriaDecision Making SkillsRisk Assessment

Spotted an issue on this page? Report or suggest a fix →

ScholarGate — SWARA (Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis). Retrieved 2026-07-20 from https://scholargate.app/en/decision-making/swara · Dataset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20539026
Quick facts
Originator
Keršulienė, V., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z.
Subfamily
Weight Subjective
Year
2010
Type
Sequential step-ratio subjective weighting
Value Space
crisp
Uncertainty
None
Compensation
N/A
Rank Reversal
No
Related methods
AHPSORTAPLOCOARASAROMANARTASICOBRACOCOSOCODAS
ScholarGate

A content-first reference library for research methods — what each one is, how it works, and where it comes from.

Open data (CC-BY)

Explore

  • Library
  • Search the library…
  • Browse by field
  • Fields
  • Journey
  • Compare
  • Which method?

Reference

  • Subjects
  • Atlas
  • Glossary
  • Methodology
  • Philosophy

Your tools

  • Bookshelf
  • Desk
  • Chat

Company

  • About
  • Pricing
  • Contact
  • Suggest a method

Entries are compiled from published sources for reference. Verifying the accuracy and suitability of any information for your own use remains your responsibility.

© 2026 ScholarGate · A research-method reference library
  • Privacy
  • Cookies
  • Terms
  • Delete account