方法对比

	规则空间方法	认知诊断计算机化自适应测试	DINA模型	DINO模型	模糊集定性比较分析
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学	心理测量学	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1983	2007	2001	2006	2000
提出者	Kikumi K. Tatsuoka	Xueli Xu, Jean-Paul Fox	Brian Junker, Klaas Sijtsma	James Templin, Russell Henson	Charles Ragin
类型	IRT-based diagnostic classification	Skill-adaptive testing with psychometric diagnostic classification	Discrete latent class model	Disjunctive latent class model	Set-theoretic configurational method
开创性文献	Hartz, S. M. (2002). A Bayesian framework for the unified treatment of assessing dimensionality, assessing local dependence, and estimating ability for unidimensional and multidimensional item response data. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.	Choi, K. M., Lee, Y. S., & Park, Y. S. (2015). What CDM can tell about examinees' strengths and weaknesses: Cognitive diagnostic information in TIMSS. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Policy Analysis, 24(1), 79-100.	Junker, B. W., & Sijtsma, K. (2001). Cognitive assessment models with few assumptions, and connections with nonparametric item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25(3), 258-272.	Templin, J., & Henson, R. A. (2006). Measurement of psychological disorders using cognitive diagnosis models. Psychological Methods, 11(3), 287-305.	Ragin, C. C. (2008). Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond. University of Chicago Press.
别名	RSM	CD-CAT	DINA	DINO	fsQCA, FSQCA
相关	5	5	4	4	4
摘要	Rule Space Methodology (RSM) is a diagnostic classification approach developed by Tatsuoka (1983) that uses Item Response Theory and geometric methods to classify examinees into knowledge states based on their response patterns. Unlike classical scoring, RSM identifies which specific skills or competencies an examinee possesses or lacks, enabling targeted educational interventions.	Cognitive Diagnostic Computerized Adaptive Testing (CD-CAT) combines computerized adaptive testing (CAT) with cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) to efficiently assess students' specific skill profiles. Rather than producing a single overall ability score, CD-CAT adaptively selects items to quickly identify which skills a student has mastered and which need development.	The DINA Model (Deterministic Inputs, Noisy Outputs) is a cognitive diagnostic model developed by Junker and Sijtsma (2001) that classifies examinees into latent skill classes based on their item response patterns. DINA assumes a deterministic relationship between skill mastery and correct responses, with probabilistic error accounting for guessing and slips.	The DINO Model (Deterministic Inputs, Noisy Outputs—Disjunctive) is a cognitive diagnostic model that relaxes DINA's conjunctive (AND) skill requirement logic. DINO assumes an examinee only needs to master one of multiple possible skill pathways to answer an item correctly, making it suitable for scenarios where skills are substitutable or alternative routes to success exist.	Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) is a set-theoretic method developed by Charles Ragin in the early 2000s that combines the configurational logic of qualitative case studies with the mathematical rigor of fuzzy sets. It bridges qualitative and quantitative research by allowing researchers to examine causal complexity through combinations of conditions (configurations) rather than isolated variables.