方法对比

	逆向抽样	有序集合抽样	顺序分析（分组顺序设计）
领域	抽样	抽样	统计学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1945	1952	1977
提出者	John Burdon Sanderson Haldane	Glenn A. McIntyre	P. C. O'Brien & T. R. Fleming; P. C. Pocock
类型	Sequential sampling method	Sampling design methodology	Sequential / adaptive hypothesis test
开创性文献	Haldane, J. B. S. (1945). On a method of estimating frequencies. Biometrika, 33(3), 222–224.	McIntyre, G. A. (1952). A method for unbiased selective sampling using ranked sets. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(4), 385–390.	O'Brien, P.C. & Fleming, T.R. (1979). A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials. Biometrics, 35(3), 549–556.
别名	Sequential Sampling	RSS	sequential testing, group sequential design, interim analysis, Sıralı Analiz (Sequential Testing / Group Sequential Design)
相关	3	4	5
摘要	Inverse Sampling is a sequential sampling strategy where sampling continues until a fixed number of occurrences of a rare event or item of interest is observed. Introduced by J. B. S. Haldane in 1945, it is particularly efficient for estimating rare event probabilities or proportions when the target is sparse and costly to detect.	Ranked Set Sampling (RSS) is a data collection method introduced by G. A. McIntyre in 1952 that improves estimation efficiency when visual ranking of units is easier or cheaper than actual measurement. By deliberately selecting and measuring units that are ranked as most likely to yield desired outcomes, RSS reduces variance compared to simple random sampling while maintaining unbiasedness.	Sequential analysis is a framework for conducting hypothesis tests with pre-planned interim looks at accumulating data, allowing a study to stop early for efficacy or futility while controlling the overall Type I error rate. The group sequential approach was formalised by Pocock (1977) and O'Brien and Fleming (1979), and remains the standard for confirmatory clinical trials and rigorous A/B experiments.