ScholarGate

Khám phá

Thư viện Thư viện của tôi Bàn Kiểm tra trước Review Studio Trợ lý

Không gian làm việc

Xây dựng kệ sách của bạn

Lưu phương pháp, sắp xếp bộ sưu tập và mang chúng đến bàn của bạn.

Tạo tài khoản

Thư viện

/ Duyệt

Thư viện

Khám phá khoa học theo phương pháp, lĩnh vực và bằng chứng.

Một danh mục duy nhất về các phương pháp nghiên cứu — tìm hiểu cách mỗi phương pháp hoạt động, khi nào nên dùng và điều nó không làm được.

6,435 phương pháp11 lĩnh vực7 họ phương pháp40 ngôn ngữ

Atlas khoa họcLập bản đồ cấu trúc của khoa học trước khi sử dụng.Lĩnh vực · phương pháp · lộ trình bằng chứngKhám phá bản đồ

Lĩnh vựcHealth & Medicine716 Psychology570 Business & Finance410 Engineering330 Life Sciences263 Education261 Research Practice

Thư viện tham khảo về phương pháp nghiên cứu, đặt nội dung lên hàng đầu — mỗi phương pháp là gì, hoạt động ra sao và bắt nguồn từ đâu.

Dữ liệu mở (CC-BY)

Khám phá

Thư viện
Tìm phương pháp…
Duyệt theo lĩnh vực
Lĩnh vực
Hành trình
So sánh
Nên dùng phương pháp nào?

Tham khảo

Lĩnh vực
Bản đồ
Bảng thuật ngữ
Phương pháp luận
Triết học

Không gian làm việc

Thư viện của tôi
Bàn
Trò chuyện

Công ty

Giới thiệu
Bảng giá
Liên hệ
Đề xuất phương pháp

Các mục từ được biên soạn từ những nguồn đã công bố nhằm mục đích tham khảo. Việc kiểm chứng tính chính xác và mức độ phù hợp của bất kỳ thông tin nào cho mục đích sử dụng của bạn vẫn thuộc trách nhiệm của bạn.

© 2026 ScholarGate · Thư viện tham khảo về phương pháp nghiên cứu

Quyền riêng tư
Cookie
Điều khoản
Xóa tài khoản

248

Natural Sciences236

Social Sciences185

Environment & Sustainability160

Phương phápThống kê1,836 Trí tuệ nhân tạo & học máy1,661 Khoa học quyết định932 Phương pháp nghiên cứu1,354 Đo lường1,745 Nhân quả & bằng chứng532 Thực hành nghiên cứu118

1,522 phương pháp · Trí tuệ nhân tạo & học máyXóa

Các phương pháp thực khớp với bộ lọc của bạn.

Sắp xếpĐộ phổ biến A–Z Z–A Mới nhất

network analysis

Weighted Social Network Analysis

Weighted Social Network Analysis extends classical SNA by assigning numeric values — weights — to ties between actors, capturing tie strength, interaction frequency, or resource flow. Rather than treating all connections as equal, it reveals who holds privileged positions by virtue of the intensity, not merely the exis

network analysis

Weighted Stochastic Block Model

The Weighted Stochastic Block Model (W-SBM) extends the classical stochastic block model to networks whose edges carry numerical weights. By positing that edge weights between node pairs arise from distributions that depend on the block memberships of those nodes, it simultaneously infers a partition of nodes into comm

network analysis

Weighted Temporal Network Analysis

Weighted temporal network analysis studies networks whose edges carry numerical weights — representing interaction strength, frequency, or intensity — and whose structure changes over time. It combines the time-varying perspective of temporal network analysis with the quantitative precision of weighted graph metrics, r

network analysis

Weighted Two-Mode Network Analysis

Weighted two-mode network analysis examines bipartite graphs in which two distinct node sets — such as actors and events, authors and papers, or species and habitats — are connected by edges carrying numerical weights that capture the strength, frequency, or intensity of each affiliation. Incorporating weights provides

Well Log Analysis

Well log analysis is the systematic examination of measurements recorded by instruments lowered into a borehole to characterize subsurface lithology, fluid content, and petrophysical properties. Originating in the 1940s, this method has become indispensable for petroleum exploration, groundwater assessment, and enginee

signal processing

Wiener Filter

The Wiener filter is an optimal linear filter that minimizes mean-square error between the desired signal and the filter output given knowledge of signal and noise statistics. Developed by Norbert Wiener in 1949, it provides the theoretical foundation for optimal filtering and remains the benchmark against which all ot

Windkessel Model

The Windkessel model is a lumped-parameter representation of the arterial system that captures the pulsatile dynamics of blood flow and pressure using simple mechanical analogs (resistors and capacitors). Named after the German word for air chamber, it was formalized by Westerhof and colleagues in the late 1960s and re

Word Sense Disambiguation

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the natural-language-processing task of choosing the correct meaning of a polysemous word from its context. Surveyed by Navigli (2009), it resolves which sense of a many-meaning word applies in a given sentence, improving the quality of information retrieval, machine translation, and

Word2Vec

Word2Vec is a neural word-embedding technique introduced by Mikolov and colleagues in 2013 that maps each word in a text corpus to a dense numeric vector. Words that appear in similar contexts end up close together in the vector space, so the embeddings capture semantic similarity that can be measured arithmetically.

WRF Model

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a mesoscale atmospheric simulation system used for weather forecasting, research, and climate applications. Developed cooperatively by NCAR, NOAA, and academic institutions, WRF became operational in 2004 and has become one of the most widely used atmospheric models w

materials science

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), also known as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that measures the kinetic energies of photoelectrons ejected from a material by high-energy X-rays. Developed by Kai Siegbahn in 1967, XPS determines elemental compositio

political sociology

Xenophobia Scale

The Xenophobia Scale measures fear, discomfort, or prejudice toward foreign nationals and immigrants. Unlike immigration policy preferences (which can reflect economic or pragmatic considerations), xenophobia captures affective and attitudinal dimensions—emotional threat perception, negative stereotypes, and cultural d

machine learning

XGBoost

XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) is a scalable tree-boosting algorithm introduced by Tianqi Chen and Carlos Guestrin in 2016. It builds a strong predictor by adding decision trees one at a time, each correcting the errors left by the trees before it, and is a powerful prediction method widely used in competitions.

materials science

XRD Rietveld Refinement

XRD Rietveld Refinement is a method for extracting detailed crystal structure information from powder diffraction data by comparing observed and calculated diffraction patterns through least-squares refinement. Developed by Hugo Rietveld in 1969, this technique enables determination of atomic positions, occupancies, th

YOLO

YOLO (You Only Look Once) is a single-shot, end-to-end convolutional object detector introduced by Redmon, Divvala, Girshick, and Farhadi at CVPR 2016. It reframes object detection as a single regression problem — predicting bounding box coordinates and class probabilities directly from an image in one forward pass — a

model evaluation

Youdens J Statistic

Youdens J statistic, also called the Youden index, measures the maximum difference between the true positive rate and false positive rate across different classification thresholds. It is useful for selecting optimal cutoff points in diagnostic testing.

Zero-Knowledge Proof

A zero-knowledge proof is a cryptographic protocol in which a prover can convince a verifier that a statement is true without revealing any additional information beyond the truth of the statement. Introduced by Goldwasser, Micali, and Rackoff in 1985, zero-knowledge proofs have profound applications in authentication,

Zero-Shot Classification

Zero-shot classification is a natural-language-processing task that assigns text to categories described in plain language without requiring any labelled training data. Formalised as an entailment problem by Yin, Hay and Roth (2019), it lets a large pretrained language model recognise new categories on the fly simply b

telecommunications

ZF/MMSE Equalization

Zero-Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE) equalization are fundamental linear receiver algorithms for combating intersymbol interference in dispersive channels. Developed in the context of data transmission theory, these methods form the basis of modern channel equalization in wireless and wired systems. W

Ziegler-Nichols Tuning

Ziegler-Nichols Tuning is a practical, model-free method for tuning PID controller gains empirically. Published in 1942, this pioneering method requires only measurement of the system's step response (or closed-loop oscillations), making it applicable to any system without prior identification. Ziegler-Nichols remains

zk-SNARK

A zk-SNARK (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) is a cryptographic proof system that allows a prover to convince a verifier that a statement is true without revealing any information beyond the statement's validity. The acronym describes its key properties: it requires no interaction, proofs

zk-STARK

A zk-STARK (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge) is a cryptographic proof system allowing a prover to convince a verifier of a computation's correctness without trusted setup or revealing computational details. Introduced by Ben-Sasson and colleagues in 2018, zk-STARKs address a key limitation of

← 2526 / 26