Process / pipelineCustomer satisfaction measurement
American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)
The American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), developed by Fornell and colleagues in 1996, is a structural equation modeling-based approach to measuring and predicting customer satisfaction across industries and over time. ACSI assesses customer expectations, perceived value, perceived quality, complaints, and loyalty in a unified framework. Since 1994, ACSI data has been collected quarterly on thousands of customers across diverse U.S. industries, making it a key economic indicator and benchmark for organizational performance.
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Sources
- Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7-18. DOI: 10.1177/002224299606000403 ↗
- Fornell, C., Mital, V., & Veingerl, I. (2015). Developing and Testing a Theory of Consumer Delight. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(2), 299-315. DOI: 10.1007/s11747-014-0401-z ↗