ScholarGate
Odkrywaj
BibliotekaMoja bibliotekaBiurkoWeryfikacja wstępnaReview StudioAsystent
Przestrzeń robocza
Porównaj
Zbuduj swoją bibliotekę

Zapisuj metody, porządkuj kolekcje i zabieraj je na swoje biurko.

Utwórz konto
Biblioteka
 / Przeglądaj
Zaloguj się
Biblioteka

Poznawaj naukę według metody, dziedziny i dowodów.

Jeden katalog metod badawczych — dowiedz się, jak każda działa, kiedy ją stosować i czego nie potrafi.

6,429 metod11 dziedzin7 rodzin metod40 języków
Atlas naukiZmapuj strukturę nauki, zanim z niej skorzystasz.Dziedziny · metody · ścieżki dowodowePoznaj mapę
DziedzinaHealth & Medicine716Psychology570Business & Finance410Engineering330Life Sciences263Education261Research Practice
ScholarGate

Biblioteka referencyjna metod badawczych, w której treść jest najważniejsza — czym jest każda metoda, jak działa i skąd pochodzi.

Otwarte dane (CC-BY)

Odkrywaj

  • Biblioteka
  • Szukaj metod…
  • Przeglądaj według dziedzin
  • Dziedziny
  • Ścieżka
  • Porównaj
  • Która metoda?

Materiały

  • Dziedziny
  • Atlas
  • Słownik pojęć
  • Metodologia
  • Filozofia

Przestrzeń robocza

  • Moja biblioteka
  • Biurko
  • Czat

Firma

  • O nas
  • Cennik
  • Kontakt
  • Zaproponuj metodę

Hasła opracowano na podstawie opublikowanych źródeł w celach referencyjnych. Weryfikacja poprawności i przydatności wszelkich informacji do własnych zastosowań pozostaje w gestii użytkownika.

© 2026 ScholarGate · Biblioteka referencyjna metod badawczych
  • Prywatność
  • Pliki cookie
  • Regulamin
  • Usuń konto
248
Natural Sciences236
Social Sciences185
Environment & Sustainability160
Law30
MetodaStatystyka1,836SI i uczenie maszynowe1,661Nauki o decyzjach932Metody badawcze1,354Pomiar1,745Przyczynowość i dowody532Praktyka badawcza118
852 metod · Nauki o decyzjachWyczyść
Prawdziwe metody pasujące do Twojego filtra.
SortujPopularnośćA–ZZ–ANajnowsze
decision making

GREY-PROMETHEE

GREY-PROMETHEE (Grey-PROMETHEE — Grey extension of PROMETHEE) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Li, P., Wei, C. in 2011. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2011
decision making

GREY-SAW

GREY-SAW (Grey-SAW — Grey extension of SAW) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Fishburn, P. C. in 1967. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło1967
decision making

GREY-TODIM

GREY-TODIM (Grey-TODIM — Grey extension of TODIM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Gomes, L. F. A. M., Lima, M. M. P. P. in 1992. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło1992
decision making

GREY-TOPSIS

GREY-TOPSIS (Grey-TOPSIS — Grey extension of TOPSIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Bagocius, V. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2015
decision making

GREY-VIKOR

GREY-VIKOR (Grey-VIKOR — Grey extension of VIKOR) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chang, C. L., Liu, P. H., Wei, C. C. in 2001. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2001
decision making

GREY-WASPAS

GREY-WASPAS (Grey-WASPAS — Grey extension of WASPAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Antucheviciene, J., Zakarevicius, A. in 2012. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2012
control theory

Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation

The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is a partial differential equation characterizing the optimal cost-to-go function in dynamic programming. Developed by Bellman in 1957, HJB provides both necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality, enabling elegant theoretical analysis and numerical solutions for optim

2 źródeł1957
optimization

Harmony Search

Harmony Search (HS) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm introduced by Geem, Kim, and Loganathan in 2001. It mimics the improvisation process of jazz musicians seeking a perfect state of harmony, using three operators — memory consideration, pitch adjustment, and random selection — to generate can

2 źródeł2001
optimization

Harris Hawks Optimization

Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) is a metaheuristic algorithm introduced by Heidari et al. in 2019, inspired by the hunting strategies of Harris's hawks. The algorithm models the cooperative hunting behavior and escape strategies of these raptors to solve complex optimization problems. HHO balances exploration through p

1 źródło2019
decision making

Haversine Distance

Haversine distance measures the great-circle distance between two points on a sphere given their latitude and longitude coordinates. Popularized by Roger Sinnott in 1984, this formula computes the shortest distance between two points on Earth's surface, accounting for the planet's spherical geometry. It ranges from 0 (

2 źródeł1984
clinical psychology

Health Anxiety Inventory

The Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) is a 14-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure health anxiety and health-related worry, including concerns about having serious illness, fear of dying, and preoccupation with bodily symptoms. Developed by Salkovskis, Rimes, Warwick, and Clark in 2002, the HAI has become a

1 źródło2002
decision making

Hellinger Distance

Hellinger distance is a symmetric, bounded metric that measures the difference between two probability distributions. Rooted in the work of Ernst Hellinger (1909) and later formalized in statistical divergence by Anil Bhattacharyya (1946), this distance ranges from 0 (identical distributions) to 1. It is a true metric

2 źródeł1909
decision making

HELLWIG

HELLWIG (Hellwig's Method — Development Pattern) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hellwig, Z. in 1968. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło1968
decision making

HERONIAN-MEAN

HERONIAN-MEAN (Heronian Mean (HM)) is a aggregation multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yu, D. in 2012. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2012
decision making

HF-AHP

HF-AHP (Hesitant Fuzzy AHP (AHP-Hesitant Group Decision Making via HMPM)) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhu, B., Xu, Z. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2014
decision making

HF-ARAS

HF-ARAS (Hesitant Fuzzy Additive Ratio Assessment) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Mishra, A. R., Rani, P., Krishankumar, R., Ravichandran, K. S., Kar, S. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2021
decision making

HF-CODAS

HF-CODAS (Hesitant extension of HF-CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Torra, V. in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2010
decision making

HF-COPRAS

HF-COPRAS (Hesitant Fuzzy Complex Proportional Assessment) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Mishra, A.R., Rani, P., Pardasani, K.R. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2018
decision making

HF-DFT

HF-DFT (Hesitant Fuzzy Decision Field Theory (Song-Xu 2021)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Song, C. Zhang, Y. Xu, Z. S. Hao, Z. Wang, X. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2019
decision making

HF-EDAS

HF-EDAS (Hesitant Fuzzy EDAS (Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kutlu Gündoğdu, F.; Kahraman, C.; Civan, H. (HF-EDAS); Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M. et al. 2015 (base EDAS); Yu, D. 2014 (TFHFS value-space) in 2018. It turns a decision

1 źródło2018
decision making

HF-ELECTRE-I

HF-ELECTRE-I (HF-ELECTRE I — Hesitant Fuzzy ELECTRE I (Chen-Xu-Xia 2015)) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, N. Xu, Z. S. Xia, M. M. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2015
decision making

HF-ELECTRE-II

HF-ELECTRE-II (HF-ELECTRE II — Hesitant Fuzzy ELECTRE II (Chen-Xu 2015)) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, N. Xu, Z. S. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2015
decision making

HF-GRA

HF-GRA (Hesitant Fuzzy Grey Relational Analysis) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Li, X., Wei, G. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2014
decision making

HF-MABAC

HF-MABAC (Hesitant Fuzzy Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Mishra, A.R., Saha, A., Rani, P., Pamucar, D., Dutta, D., Hezam, I.M. in 2022. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured

1 źródło2022
decision making

HF-MARCOS

HF-MARCOS (Hesitant Fuzzy MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Li, G., Geng, X., Yuan, Y. in 2020 crisp; 2023 variant applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2020
decision making

HF-MAXSCORE-PORT

HF-MAXSCORE-PORT (HF-MaxScore-Portfolio — Hesitant Fuzzy Maximum-Score Portfolio Selection (Zhou-Xu 2018)) is a portfolio multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhou, W. Xu, Z. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2018
decision making

HF-MOORA

HF-MOORA (Hesitant Fuzzy Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Li, Z.-H. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2014
decision making

HF-QUALIFLEX

HF-QUALIFLEX (Hesitant Fuzzy extension of QUALIFLEX) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhang, Z. X. Xu, Z. S. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2015
decision making

HF-SAW

HF-SAW (Hesitant extension of HF-SAW) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Torra, V. in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2010
decision making

HF-TODIM

HF-TODIM (Hesitant Fuzzy TODIM via new measure function Z_δ (Zhang-Xu 2016 ITOR)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhang, Y., Xu, Z. in 2016. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2016
decision making

HF-TOPSIS

HF-TOPSIS (Hesitant Fuzzy TOPSIS with optional incomplete weight information (Xu-Zhang 2013 KBS)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Xu, Z., Zhang, X. in 2013. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2013
decision making

HF-TRADEOFF-PORT

HF-TRADEOFF-PORT (HF-TradeOff-Portfolio — Hesitant Fuzzy Score-Deviation Trade-Off Portfolio Selection (Zhou-Xu 2018)) is a portfolio multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhou, W. Xu, Z. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible

1 źródło2018
decision making

HF-VIKOR

HF-VIKOR (Hesitant Fuzzy VIKOR (Liao-Xu 2013)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by ? in 2013. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2013
decision making

HF-WASPAS

HF-WASPAS (Hesitant Fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Mishra, A.R., Rani, P., Pardasani, K.R., Mardani, A. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2019
decision making

HFEA

HFEA (Hesitant Fuzzy Envelopment Analysis (DHFEA / SHFEA, Zhou-Chen-Xu-Meng 2018)) is a dea multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhou, W. Chen, J. Xu, Z. S. Meng, S. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2018
decision making

HFGPE

HFGPE (Hesitant Fuzzy Generalized Peer-Evaluation (strategy-blended cross-efficiency with BFM, Zhou-Chen-Xu-Meng 2018)) is a dea multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhou, W. Chen, J. Xu, Z. S. Meng, S. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structur

1 źródło2018
decision making

HFL-AHP

HFL-AHP (Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic AHP (HFLTS-envelope family: Yavuz 2015 + Özdağoğlu 2018)) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yavuz, M., Öztaysi, B., Çevik Onar, S., Kahraman, C. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a struc

1 źródło2015
decision making

HFL-CODAS

HFL-CODAS (Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic CODAS (HFLTS-envelope, Combinative Distance-based Assessment)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yalçın, N., Pehlivan, N.Y. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2019
decision making

HFL-MABAC

HFL-MABAC (Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Projection-Based MABAC with Bonferroni Mean (Sun et al. 2018)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Sun, R., Hu, J., Zhou, J., Chen, X. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible

1 źródło2018
decision making

HFL-PROMETHEE

HFL-PROMETHEE (Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic PROMETHEE (Liang-Wang-Zhang 2018)) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Liang, R. X. Wang, J. Q. Zhang, H. Y. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2018
decision making

HFLPR-PRIORITY

HFLPR-PRIORITY (Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Preference Relation Priority Programming (Ren-Zhu-Xu 2018)) is a preference relations multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Ren, P. J. Zhu, B. Xu, Z. S. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, repro

1 źródło2018
decision making

HFPE

HFPE (Hesitant Fuzzy Peer-Evaluation (benevolent / aggressive cross-efficiency, Zhou-Chen-Xu-Meng 2018)) is a dea multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhou, W. Chen, J. Xu, Z. S. Meng, S. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducibl

1 źródło2018
decision making

HFPEA

HFPEA (Hesitant Fuzzy Preference Envelopment Analysis (DHFPEA / SHFPEA, Zhou-Chen-Xu-Meng 2018)) is a dea multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhou, W. Chen, J. Xu, Z. S. Meng, S. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result

1 źródło2018
otolaryngology

HHIA

The Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA) is a 25-item self-report questionnaire that quantifies the functional and emotional effects of hearing loss on daily life, work, and psychosocial well-being. Developed by Newman, Weinstein, Jacobson, and Hug in 1990, the HHIA is the most widely used hearing-specific qual

1 źródło1990
integrative medicine

Holistic Caring Inventory

The Holistic Caring Inventory (HCI) is a clinical assessment tool measuring nurses' and healthcare providers' capacity to deliver holistic, person-centered care that integrates physical, emotional, spiritual, and social dimensions. Developed in the context of Watson's theory of human caring, it operationalizes the phil

2 źródeł1998
optimization

Honey Badger Algorithm

The Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm presented by Hashim et al. in 2023, modeled on the hunting behavior and intelligent strategies of honey badgers (Mellivora capensis). Honey badgers are known for their remarkable problem-solving abilities, fearlessness, and persi

1 źródło2023
experimental design

Hybrid Six Sigma DMAIC

Hybrid Six Sigma DMAIC combines the rigorous five-phase DMAIC cycle (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) with complementary methodologies — most commonly Lean principles, Agile practices, or Design Thinking — to address quality defects and process inefficiencies simultaneously. By integrating speed-focused tool

2 źródeł1980
optimization

Hyper-Heuristics

Hyper-heuristics are high-level methodologies that search over a space of heuristics rather than directly over the space of solutions. Introduced systematically by Burke et al. (2013) in their landmark survey, hyper-heuristics operate by selecting or generating low-level heuristics to solve hard combinatorial optimisat

1 źródło2013
endocrinology

Hyperthyroidism Symptom Checklist

The Hyperthyroidism Symptom Checklist is a structured assessment tool for quantifying the symptom burden of Graves' disease and other thyrotoxicosis conditions. It captures the multisystem manifestations of excess thyroid hormone: cardiovascular (palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmia), neuropsychiatric (anxiety, tremor

2 źródeł1997
bereavement psychology

ICG

The Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) is a 19-item self-report measure developed by Prigerson and colleagues in 1995 to assess complicated grief—a persistent, impairing form of grief that goes beyond typical bereavement. Designed to distinguish complicated grief from bereavement-related depression, the ICG has becom

1 źródło1995
decision making

IDOCRIW

IDOCRIW (Integrated Determination of Objective CRIteria Weights) is a weight objective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zavadskas, E. K., Podvezko, V. in 2012. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2012
decision making

IF-ARAS

IF-ARAS (Intuitionistic Fuzzy ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Atanassov, K. T. in 1986. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło1986
decision making

IF-COCOSO

IF-COCOSO (IF-CoCoSo — Intuitionistic extension of COCOSO) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Atanassov, K. T. in 1986. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło1986
decision making

IF-CODAS

IF-CODAS (TIF-CODAS — Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Group CODAS (TIFN-CODAS)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Daami Remadi, F., Moalla Frikha, H. in 2020. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2020
decision making

IF-CODAS-SORT

IF-CODAS-SORT (Intuitionistic Fuzzy CODAS-SORT (sorting via Euclidean+Hamming relative assessment)) is a sorting multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Ouhibi, A. Moalla Frikha, H. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2021
decision making

IF-COPRAS

IF-COPRAS (Intuitionistic extension of COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Atanassov, K. T. in 1986. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło1986
decision making

IF-DFT

IF-DFT (Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision Field Theory (Hao-Xu-Zhao-Zhang 2017)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hao, Z. N. Xu, Z. S. Zhao, H. Zhang, R. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło2017
decision making

IF-EDAS

IF-EDAS (Intuitionistic Fuzzy EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Atanassov, K. T. in 1986. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło1986
decision making

IF-ENTROPY

IF-ENTROPY (Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy Weight Method (Vlachos-Sergiadis 2007 entropy measure as applied by Hung-Chen 2010)) is a weight objective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Atanassov, K. T. in 1986. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structure

1 źródło1986
decision making

IF-GRA

IF-GRA (Intuitionistic extension of GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Atanassov, K. T. in 1986. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 źródło1986
← 56 / 157 →