Bandingkan kaedah

	Skala Kualiti Perkhidmatan SERVQUAL	Indeks Kepuasan Pelanggan Amerika (ACSI)	Skala Kualiti Perkhidmatan Elektronik E-S-QUAL	Skala Prestasi Pendidikan Tinggi HEdPERF	Skala SERVPERF
Bidang	Pengurusan Pemasaran	Pengurusan Pemasaran	Pengurusan Pemasaran	Pengurusan Pemasaran	Pengurusan Pemasaran
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1988	1996	2005	2003	1992
Pengasas	A. Parasuraman, Valerie A. Zeithaml, Leonard L. Berry	Claes Fornell, Michael D. Johnson, Eugene W. Anderson, Jaesung Cha, Barbara E. Bryant	A. Parasuraman, Valerie A. Zeithaml, Anantharanthan Malhotra	Ganesan Srikanthan, John F. Dalrymple	Joseph J. Cronin Jr., Steven A. Taylor
Jenis	Multi-dimensional service quality scale	Structural equation model for satisfaction and loyalty	Multi-dimensional electronic service quality scale	Multi-dimensional higher education service quality scale	Performance-only service quality scale
Sumber perintis	Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40.	Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7-18.	Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Malhotra, A. (2005). E-S-QUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Assessing Electronic Service Quality. Journal of Service Research, 7(3), 213-233.	Srikanthan, G., & Dalrymple, J. F. (2003). Developing a Holistic Model for Quality in Higher Education. Quality in Higher Education, 9(2), 123-138.	Cronin, J. J., & Taylor, S. A. (1992). Measuring Service Quality: A Reexamination and Extension. Journal of Marketing, 56(3), 55-68.
Alias	Service Quality Instrument, Gap Model	ACSI, National Customer Satisfaction Index	E-S-QUAL, Online Service Quality Scale	HEdPERF, Educational Service Quality Scale	Perception-Only Service Quality Scale, SERVPERF-Performance Model
Berkaitan	4	4	3	4	4
Ringkasan	SERVQUAL is a 22-item, multi-dimensional scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry in 1988 to measure consumer perceptions of service quality. It captures the gap between customer expectations and actual service performance across five core dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. The instrument has become the most widely used tool for service quality assessment in marketing research and practice.	The American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), developed by Fornell and colleagues in 1996, is a structural equation modeling-based approach to measuring and predicting customer satisfaction across industries and over time. ACSI assesses customer expectations, perceived value, perceived quality, complaints, and loyalty in a unified framework. Since 1994, ACSI data has been collected quarterly on thousands of customers across diverse U.S. industries, making it a key economic indicator and benchmark for organizational performance.	E-S-QUAL is a 22-item scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Malhotra (2005) to measure service quality in electronic commerce and digital service environments. Adapting the foundational SERVQUAL dimensions to online contexts, E-S-QUAL assesses four core dimensions: Efficiency (ability to complete transactions quickly), Fulfillment (accurate order fulfillment and on-time delivery), System Availability (website uptime and technical performance), and Privacy (security of customer data and transactions). The scale captures both service delivery (how the website functions) and service recovery (how problems are handled).	HEdPERF is a 41-item scale designed specifically to measure service quality in higher education contexts, developed by Srikanthan and Dalrymple (2003). Extending SERVQUAL's framework to academic environments, HEdPERF captures unique dimensions of educational service: Academic Aspects (teaching quality, curriculum relevance), Non-Academic Aspects (administrative efficiency, physical facilities), Reputation (institutional prestige, employability), Access (availability of information, ease of enrollment), and Programme Issues (program content, skill development). The scale addresses the distinctive characteristics of educational services, which blend academic content delivery with student support and institutional experience.	SERVPERF, developed by Cronin and Taylor in 1992, is a streamlined service quality measurement instrument that evaluates perceived service performance only, without the expectation component. Using 22 items identical in content to SERVQUAL but applied to perception alone, SERVPERF reduces survey burden while maintaining dimensional coverage of Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. Empirical evidence suggests SERVPERF performs equally well or better than SERVQUAL in explaining overall satisfaction.