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Multi-response Six Sigma DMAIC extends the classic Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control framework to situations where a process must satisfy several quality characteristics simultaneously. Rather than optimizing a single output, the methodology integrates multi-response optimization techniques — such as desirability
The Multicultural Counseling Inventory (MCI) is a 40-item self-report instrument designed to assess the multicultural competence of mental health counselors and healthcare providers. Originally developed by LaFromboise, Coleman, and Hernandez in 1991, the MCI evaluates five core competence factors: awareness of cultura
MULTIMOORA (Multi-Objective Optimisation by Ratio Analysis plus Full Multiplicative Form) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Brauers, W. K. M., Zavadskas, E. K. in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-ARAS (Neutrosophic ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Adalı, Esra Aytaç Öztaş, Tayfun Özçil, Abdullah Öztaş, Gülin Zeynep Tuş, Ayşegül in 2023. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-AROMAN (Neutrosophic extension of AROMAN) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bošković et al. in 2023. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-COCOSO (Neutrosophic CoCoSo) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Nabeeh, N. A. Sallam, K. M. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-CODAS (Neutrosophic extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Pamučar, D., Badi, I., Sanja, K., Obradović, R. — NOTE: paper uses LNN (Linguistic NS), not SVNN. SVNN CODAS originator unknown. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criter
N-COPRAS (COPRAS-IN — COPRAS with Interval Neutrosophic Numbers (INN)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Şahin, R. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-DNMA (Neutrosophic DNMA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-EDAS (Neutrosophic extension of EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stanujkić, D., Karabašević, D., Popović, G., Pamučar, D., Stević, Ž., Zavadskas, E. K., Smarandache, F. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, repro
N-GRA (Neutrosophic extension of GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Biswas, P., Pramanik, S., Giri, B. C. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-MABAC (Neutrosophic MABAC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Peng, Xindong Dai, Jingguo in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-MARCOS (Neutrosophic MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Pamučar, D. Ecer, F. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-MOORA (Neutrosophic extension of MOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Gamal, A., Ismail, M., Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-MULTIMOORA (Neutrosophic extension of MULTIMOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stanujkic, D., Zavadskas, E. K., Smarandache, F., Brauers, W. K. M., Karabasevic, D. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible
N-PROMETHEE (Neutrosophic extension of PROMETHEE) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Abdel-Basset, M., Mohamed, M., Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-PSI (Neutrosophic PSI) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-RAFSI (Neutrosophic extension of RAFSI) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by UNCONFIRMED — Irvanizam & Zahara 2024 uses SVTraNN (trapezoidal), not SVNN. No SVN-RAFSI paper found. in undated — internal extension, no dedicated SVN-RAFSI paper. It turns a decision matrix of alternative
N-RAWEC (Neutrosophic extension of RAWEC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Mohamed, Mai; Salam, Amira; Ye, Jun (2024) — SVTrN variant. Crisp RAWEC: Puška et al. 2024. No SVNN RAWEC paper confirmed. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria int
N-SPOTIS (Neutrosophic extension of SPOTIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Abdel-aziem, A. H., Mohamed, H. K., Abdelhafeez, A. in 2023. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-TODIM (Neutrosophic extension of TODIM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Ji, P., Zhang, H. Y., Wang, J. Q. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-TOPSIS (Neutrosophic extension of TOPSIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Biswas, P., Pramanik, S., Giri, B. C. in 2016. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-VIKOR (Neutrosophic extension of VIKOR) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bausys, R., Zavadskas, E. K. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-WASPAS (Neutrosophic WASPAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Nie, R. Wang, J. Wang, T. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
N-WISP (Neutrosophic WISP) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stanujkić, D. Karabašević, D. Popović, G. Smarandache, F. Stanimirović, P. S. Saračević, M. Katsikis, V. N. in 2022. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible r
N-WPM (Neutrosophic extension of WPM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Ye, J. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Munda, G. in 1995. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
NANSON (Nanson — iterative Borda elimination) is a aggregationoperator multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Orakçı, E. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
The Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI) is a comprehensive self-report assessment instrument developed by Raymond Novaco (2003) to measure dispositional anger and anger provocation in adolescents and adults. It integrates cognitive-behavioral theory of anger and emotional regulation, serving clinician
Nash Equilibrium is a game-theoretic solution concept where no player can unilaterally deviate to improve their payoff. Formalized by John Nash in 1950, the Lemke-Howson algorithm computationally finds equilibria in bimatrix games by identifying completely labeled vertex pairs in the strategy polytopes.
The NEO PI-R is a comprehensive 240-item self-report personality assessment that measures five major personality dimensions and thirty lower-order facets. Developed by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae in the early 1990s, it operationalizes the Five-Factor Model of personality—one of the most empirically validated trait tax
Network Data Envelopment Analysis (Network DEA) is a nonparametric efficiency measurement framework introduced by Färe and Grosskopf (2000) that extends classical DEA to multi-stage or multi-division production processes. Rather than treating a decision-making unit as a black box, it explicitly models the internal stru
The Newsvendor Model is a single-period stochastic inventory optimization framework that determines the profit-maximizing order quantity when demand is uncertain and unsold units cannot be carried forward. Formally introduced by Arrow, Harris, and Marschak (1951) in their foundational work on optimal inventory policy,
NMD (New Method of Determining objective criterion weights) is a weight objective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bulut, E. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
Non-linear BWM is a variant of the Best Worst Method that replaces the linear programming formulation with non-linear optimization. Instead of minimizing the maximum deviation (Chebyshev distance), it minimizes the sum of squared deviations (L2 norm). This provides more flexible weight derivation and better accommodate
Nonlinear programming (NLP) is a branch of mathematical optimization concerned with problems in which the objective function or at least one constraint is nonlinear. Formalized comprehensively by Jorge Nocedal and Stephen Wright in their seminal 2006 text, NLP encompasses gradient-based algorithms — including sequentia
NORM-VECTOR (Vector Normalization — Euclidean column-norm scaling (L2 normalisation)) is a normalization multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
The NPSI is a 12-item self-report questionnaire specifically designed to assess and quantify the diverse symptoms characteristic of neuropathic pain. Developed by Bouhassira and colleagues in 2004, it evaluates five distinct symptom dimensions: burning pain, pressing pain, paroxysmal pain, evoked pain, and paresthesias
NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) is the standard reference algorithm for multi-objective evolutionary optimisation, introduced by Deb, Pratap, Agarwal and Meyarivan in 2002. Rather than collapsing multiple conflicting objectives into a single score, it evolves a population of candidate solutions acr
NSGA-III (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III), developed by Kalyanmoy Deb and Himanshu Jain in 2014, is a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm for many-objective optimization problems. It extends the popular NSGA-II algorithm with reference-point-based selection, enabling effective handling of problems with
NSS-CODAS (Neutrosophic Spherical extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bhuvaneshwari, S., Antony Crispin Sweety, C. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) is an 18-item self-report measure of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Developed by Foa and colleagues in 2002, the OCI-R is a revised and shortened version of the original OCI. It assesses six dimensions of OCD: obsessing, hoarding, neutralizing, contamina
OCRA (Operational Competitiveness Rating) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Parkan, C. in 1994. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) is a brief, two-factor assessment of occupational burnout developed by Demerouti and colleagues in 2003. The instrument measures exhaustion (physical, emotional, cognitive) and disengagement (cynicism, reduced motivation) in working populations. It is grounded in the Job Demands-R
Optimization-assisted Six Sigma DMAIC embeds formal mathematical optimization — response surface methods, metaheuristics, or multi-objective solvers — into the Improve phase of the DMAIC cycle. Rather than relying solely on engineering judgment or one-factor-at-a-time trials, the approach uses designed experiments to b
The Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) is a family of methods that derive criteria weights directly from ordinal rankings rather than cardinal (numerical) preferences. Instead of asking decision-makers to assign exact weight values or ratio comparisons, OPA asks only: which criterion is most important, which is second, et
ORESTE (Organisation, Rangement Et Synthèse de données rElaTionnEllEs) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roubens, M. in 1982. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a composite key performance indicator that quantifies how effectively a manufacturing operation uses its equipment relative to its full potential. Developed by Seiichi Nakajima in 1988 as a cornerstone metric of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), OEE multiplies three loss facto
OWA (Ordered Weighted Averaging) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 1988; GIS extension 1997. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-ARAS (Plithogenic extension of P-ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-AROMAN (Plithogenic extension of P-AROMAN) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bošković et al. in 2023. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-COCOSO (P-CoCoSo — Plithogenic extension of P-COCOSO) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-CODAS (Plithogenic extension of P-CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-COPRAS (Plithogenic extension of P-COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-DNMA (Plithogenic extension of P-DNMA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-EDAS (Plithogenic extension of P-EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-GRA (Plithogenic extension of P-GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-MABAC (Plithogenic extension of P-MABAC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-MARCOS (Plithogenic extension of P-MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
P-MAUT (Plithogenic extension of P-MAUT) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.