Latent structureScale / measurement
Differential Item Functioning (DIF)
Differential item functioning identifies test or survey items that behave differently for examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — after controlling for the underlying ability or trait being measured. DIF analysis is essential for fairness evaluation in educational testing and psychological scale development.
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Sources
- Holland, P. W. & Wainer, H. (Eds.) (1993). Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805809589
- Dorans, N. J. & Kulick, E. (1986). Demonstrating the utility of the standardization approach to assessing unexpected differential item performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test. Journal of Educational Measurement, 23(4), 355–368. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-3984.1986.tb00255.x ↗
Related methods
Referenced by
Bayesian Differential Item FunctioningBayesian Item AnalysisBayesian Measurement InvarianceCAT Scale DevelopmentCAT-DIFComputerized adaptive test construct validityComputerized Adaptive Test Content ValidityComputerized adaptive test item analysisComputerized adaptive test measurement invarianceComputerized adaptive test Rasch modelComputerized adaptive test reliability analysisItem Response TheoryLongitudinal DIFLongitudinal IRTLongitudinal Item AnalysisMulti-group confirmatory factor analysisMulti-group Cronbach's alphaMulti-group Differential Item FunctioningMulti-group EFAMulti-group item analysisMulti-group item response theoryMulti-group measurement invarianceMulti-group Rasch modelMulti-group scale developmentMultilevel Differential Item FunctioningMultilevel Rasch ModelOrdinal Differential Item FunctioningOrdinal IRTOrdinal Item AnalysisOrdinal Measurement InvarianceOrdinal Rasch ModelPolytomous Construct ValidityPolytomous Measurement InvariancePolytomous Rasch ModelPolytomous scale developmentRobust Differential Item FunctioningRobust Item AnalysisRobust Rasch ModelShort form differential item functioningShort Form Measurement InvarianceShort form Rasch modelShort-Form IRT