Process / pipelineEngineering methods

Central Composite Design — Response Surface Experimental Design

Central Composite Design (CCD) is a second-order response surface design that allows researchers to efficiently fit a full quadratic model relating multiple continuous input factors to one or more response variables. Introduced by Box and Wilson in 1951, it combines a factorial (or fractional factorial) core, axial (star) points, and center-point replicates into a single unified design, making it the most widely used design for process optimization in engineering, chemistry, and manufacturing.

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Sources

  1. Box, G. E. P., & Wilson, K. B. (1951). On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 13(1), 1–45. DOI: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1951.tb00067.x
  2. Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119492443

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Referenced by

ScholarGateCentral Composite Design (Central Composite Design for Response Surface Methodology). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/experimental-design/central-composite-design