Umfragemethoden

Leseweg

Die meistzitierten grundlegenden Methoden dieses Themas, in der Reihenfolge ihrer Entwicklung — ein Ausgangspunkt, wenn Sie hier neu sind.

1. I
   Tagebuchmethode1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942)von Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries)
2. II
   Längsschnittstudie1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th centuryvon Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies)
3. III
   Strukturiertes Interview1940s–1950svon Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century
4. IV
   Nicht-teilnehmende BeobachtungFormalized mid-20th century (Gold 1958); practice dates to late 19th-century social surveysvon Raymond Gold (role typology); earlier roots in social survey movement and Chicago School sociology
5. V
   Online-UmfrageMid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)von Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
6. VI
   Sensordatenerfassung1990s–2000s (widespread deployment with IoT ~2000s)von Multidisciplinary; sensor networks formalized in engineering and computer science from the 1990s onward
7. VII
   API-basierte Datenerhebung2000s–2010s (formalized as a research method)von Emerged from computational social science and web 2.0 platform practices
8. VIII
   FeldnotizenLate 19th century (formalized in 20th century)von Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.