Process / pipelinedistribution-free-methods
非参数统计检验
非参数（免分布）检验是用于假设检验的统计方法，它们不假设数据服从特定的概率分布（例如正态分布），因此对偏离正态性、异常值和有序数据具有鲁棒性。Mann-Whitney U 检验（1947）和 Kruskal-Wallis 检验（1952）将假设检验的范围扩展到参数假设的限制之外。在生物学、医学、心理学以及任何数据非正态、高度偏斜或以有序尺度（排名、评级）测量领域中，非参数检验至关重要，当参数假设失效时，非参数检验能提供有效的推断。
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来源
- Mann, H. B., & Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18(1), 50–60. DOI: 10.1214/aoms/1177730491 ↗
- Kruskal, W. H., & Wallis, W. A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47(260), 583–621. DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1952.10483441 ↗
- Conover, W. J. (1999). Practical Nonparametric Statistics (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. link ↗
如何引用本页
ScholarGate. (2026, June 4). Distribution-Free Hypothesis Testing. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/zh/research-statistics/nonparametric-tests
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