方法对比

	名义小组技术	行动研究	德尔菲法
领域	质性	质性研究	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1971	1946	1963
提出者	André L. Delbecq and Andrew H. Van de Ven	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)
类型	Qualitative research method	Method	Structured iterative expert-elicitation process
开创性文献	Delbecq, A. L., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1971). A group process model for problem identification and program planning. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 7(4), 466–492.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Dalkey, N. & Helmer, O. (1963). An Experimental Application of the Delphi Method to the Use of Experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458-467.
别名	NGT, structured group process, nominal group process, priority-setting group method	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	Delphi Yöntemi, Delphi technique, expert consensus method
相关	6	1	5
摘要	The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) is a structured group facilitation method designed to generate and prioritise ideas, problems, or solutions while ensuring equal participation from all members. Developed by Delbecq and Van de Ven in 1971, it combines silent individual idea generation with structured group discussion and systematic voting to produce a ranked list of priorities. Unlike unstructured focus groups, NGT prevents dominant voices from suppressing quieter participants, making it especially valuable for needs assessment, program planning, and stakeholder priority-setting in applied research and policy contexts.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	The Delphi method is a structured, iterative survey technique developed by Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer at the RAND Corporation in 1963 for eliciting and converging expert opinion on complex topics where empirical data are unavailable or insufficient. It collects independent judgements from a geographically dispersed expert panel over multiple anonymous rounds, feeding aggregated results back to participants after each round so they can revise their views in light of the group's collective position.