方法对比

	EXAFS	小角X射线散射 (SAXS)	XANES
领域	光谱学	光谱学	光谱学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1971	1954	1975
提出者	Edward Stern	Otto Kratky	Peter Lee
类型	Synchrotron technique	Synchrotron/X-ray technique	Synchrotron technique
开创性文献	Sayers, D. E., Stern, E. A., & Lytle, F. W. (1971). New technique for investigating noncrystalline structures: Fourier analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure. Physical Review Letters, 27(18), 1204-1207.	Glatter, O., & Kratky, O. (1982). Small Angle X-ray Scattering. Academic Press.	Lee, P. A., & Pendry, J. B. (1975). Theory of extended x-ray absorption fine structure. Physical Review B, 11(8), 2795-2811.
别名	EXAFS spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy	SAXS, small-angle scattering	XANES spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption
相关	3	3	3
摘要	Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) is a synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy technique that measures the local geometric and electronic structure around a specific atom in any material, crystal or amorphous. Discovered by Sayers, Stern, and Lytle in 1971, EXAFS reveals interatomic distances, coordination numbers, and disorder in the atomic environment by analyzing oscillations in the X-ray absorption spectrum above an absorption edge.	Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is a solution-phase X-ray scattering technique that measures the overall shape and size of macromolecules and nanoparticles by analyzing scattering intensity at low angles (0.1-10 degrees). Developed by Kratky and colleagues in the 1950s, SAXS provides information about molecular radius, aggregation state, and overall shape without requiring crystallization or fixing, making it ideal for studying native protein conformations and dynamics.	X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) is a synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy technique that measures the electronic and geometric structure around a specific atom by analyzing the X-ray absorption spectrum within about 50 eV of an absorption edge. Developed by Lee and Pendry in 1975, XANES is complementary to EXAFS and reveals valence state, local symmetry, and unoccupied orbital structure through near-threshold features and resonances.