Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)× | Skeli ya E-S-QUAL ya Ubora wa Huduma ya Kielektroniki× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Usimamizi wa Masoko | Usimamizi wa Masoko |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1996 | 2005 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Claes Fornell, Michael D. Johnson, Eugene W. Anderson, Jaesung Cha, Barbara E. Bryant | A. Parasuraman, Valerie A. Zeithaml, Anantharanthan Malhotra |
| Aina≠ | Structural equation model for satisfaction and loyalty | Multi-dimensional electronic service quality scale |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7-18. DOI ↗ | Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Malhotra, A. (2005). E-S-QUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Assessing Electronic Service Quality. Journal of Service Research, 7(3), 213-233. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | ACSI, National Customer Satisfaction Index | E-S-QUAL, Online Service Quality Scale |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 4 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), developed by Fornell and colleagues in 1996, is a structural equation modeling-based approach to measuring and predicting customer satisfaction across industries and over time. ACSI assesses customer expectations, perceived value, perceived quality, complaints, and loyalty in a unified framework. Since 1994, ACSI data has been collected quarterly on thousands of customers across diverse U.S. industries, making it a key economic indicator and benchmark for organizational performance. | E-S-QUAL is a 22-item scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Malhotra (2005) to measure service quality in electronic commerce and digital service environments. Adapting the foundational SERVQUAL dimensions to online contexts, E-S-QUAL assesses four core dimensions: Efficiency (ability to complete transactions quickly), Fulfillment (accurate order fulfillment and on-time delivery), System Availability (website uptime and technical performance), and Privacy (security of customer data and transactions). The scale captures both service delivery (how the website functions) and service recovery (how problems are handled). |
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