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МетодаStatistika1,836VI i mašinsko učenje1,661Nauke o odlučivanju932Istraživačke metode1,354Merenje1,745Kauzalnost i dokazi532Istraživačka praksa118
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Стварне методе које одговарају вашем филтеру.
СортирајПопуларностА–ШШ–АНајновије
pharmacology

Dissolution f1/f2 Similarity

The f1 and f2 factors are dimensionless statistical measures developed by Moore and Flanner to quantify the similarity between two dissolution profiles. Adopted by regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA) as the gold standard for comparing dissolution curves, these factors enable rapid assessment of whether formulation changes s

2 извора1996
health outcomes

DLQI

The DLQI is the primary patient-centered outcome measure in dermatology research and clinical practice. Developed by Andrew Finlay and Gul Khan in 1994, this 10-item self-report questionnaire quantifies the impact of skin disease on patients' daily functioning, emotional well-being, social relationships, and work capac

3 извора1994
epidemiology

Dose-Response Analysis

Dose-response analysis quantifies the relationship between the magnitude of an exposure (the dose) and the probability or rate of an outcome (the response). It is a core analytical strategy in epidemiology and toxicology, providing evidence that increasing exposure systematically increases — or decreases — the risk of

2 извора
health outcomes

DQOL

The DQOL is a patient-reported measure of quality of life impact in people with diabetes. Developed by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group in 1988, this 46-item questionnaire assesses how diabetes affects daily functioning, emotional well-being, worry about complications, and satisfaction

3 извора1988
health services

Drug Abuse Screening Test

The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) is a brief, validated self-report instrument developed by Skinner in 1982 to screen for drug abuse and dependence in medical and psychiatric populations. The 10-item DAST-10 comprises yes/no questions assessing drug use patterns, consequences, and interference with life functioning.

3 извора1982
pharmacology

Drug Attitude Inventory

The Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) is a brief self-report measure developed by Hogan, Awad, and Eastwood in 1983 to assess attitudes toward medication and predicted medication compliance in schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions. The original 30-item version (DAI-30) and the widely used 10-item short form (DAI-1

1 извор1983
addiction medicine

DUDIT

The DUDIT is a brief, gender-sensitive screening instrument designed to identify individuals with harmful or hazardous drug use patterns across a wide range of substances. Developed by Berman and colleagues in 2005, it serves as a primary care and public health screening tool to detect drug-related problems before they

1 извор2005
cardiology

Duke Activity Status Index

The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) is a 12-item self-report questionnaire that estimates functional capacity—the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) a patient can achieve—based on their ability to perform common daily activities. Developed by Hlatky and colleagues in 1989, the DASI provides a non-invasive assessmen

1 извор1989
health measurement

Duke Health Profile

The Duke Health Profile (DUKE) is a 17-item self-report measure of health-related quality of life developed by Parkerson and colleagues at Duke University in 1989. It assesses health across six dimensions: physical function, mental health, social function, general health perceptions, anxiety, and depression. The instru

3 извора1989
speech language pathology

Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale

The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) is a 7-point clinician-rated ordinal scale that measures the severity of swallowing dysfunction and functional swallowing outcomes across two dimensions: safety (penetration-aspiration risk) and efficiency (oral intake adequacy and diet level tolerance). Developed by O'Ne

3 извора1999
nursing

Early Warning Score

The Early Warning Score (EWS), most commonly known as the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in the UK, is a standardized tool for identifying acutely unwell patients at risk of deterioration. Developed by the Royal College of Physicians and validated through research by Smith, Prytherch, and colleagues, NEWS combines

2 извора2012
dermatology

EASI

The EASI is a structured, clinician-administered tool for assessing the extent and intensity of atopic dermatitis across the body. Developed by Hanifin and colleagues in 2001, it divides the body into four regions with weighted area factors, ensuring proportional contribution to total score. EASI has become the primary

2 извора2001
implementation science

EBPAS-36

The EBPAS-36 is a 36-item self-report questionnaire that assesses clinicians' and organizational leaders' attitudes toward adopting and implementing evidence-based practices (EBP). Developed by Aarons in 2005 and refined through multiple validation studies, it measures four core dimensions: perceived requirements to ad

1 извор2005
epidemiology

Ecological Study

An ecological study is an observational epidemiological design in which the unit of analysis is a group or population — a country, region, city, or time period — rather than an individual. Exposures and outcomes are measured as aggregates (rates, proportions, or means) and then correlated across groups to generate or e

2 извора1854
clinical psychology

EDE-Q

The EDE-Q is a 28-item self-report questionnaire derived from the gold-standard Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview. Developed by Fairburn and Beglin in 1993, it measures the cognitive, behavioural, and attitudinal features of eating disorders. It is widely used in both research and clinical screening because i

3 извора1993
clinical psychology

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a 10-item self-report screening questionnaire developed by John Cox, Jeni Holden, and Ruth Sagovsky in 1987 to identify postnatal depression in new mothers. Published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, the EPDS specifically addresses depressive symptoms common in the postp

3 извора1987
neurology

EDSS

The EDSS is the most widely used clinical disability rating scale in multiple sclerosis research and practice. Developed by John Kurtzke in 1983, it provides a 0-10 ordinal scale capturing disease severity across eight neurological functional systems and functional status. The EDSS remains the primary endpoint in MS cl

1 извор1983
occupational health

Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale

The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale is an occupational stress assessment tool based on a reciprocal model of work stress. Developed by Johannes Siegrist in 1996, the ERI measures the degree to which employees experience imbalance between their job efforts (demands, overcommitment) and job rewards (income, recogniti

2 извора1996
health informatics

eHealth Literacy Scale

The eHealth Literacy Scale measures individuals' ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply that knowledge to health decision-making. Developed by Norman and Skinner in 2006, it assesses functional, communicative, and critical digital health literacy competencie

1 извор2006
pharmacometrics

Emax Model

The Emax model is a nonlinear pharmacodynamic model that describes the relationship between drug concentration and biological effect. Introduced by Holford and Sheiner in 1981, it characterizes dose-response curves using three fundamental parameters: the maximum achievable effect (Emax), the concentration producing hal

1 извор1981
clinical psychology

Emotion Dysregulation Scale

The EDS is a brief self-report measure of emotion dysregulation—difficulty managing and controlling emotional responses. Developed by Silk, Steinberg, and Morris in 2003 in longitudinal adolescent research, it captures emotional lability, emotional negativity, and emotional undercontrol linked to psychopathology and be

1 извор2003
clinical psychology

Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

The ERQ is a 10-item self-report measure assessing two primary emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Developed by Gross and John in 2003, it has become a foundational instrument in emotion regulation research, widely used across clinical, developmental, and social psychology.

1 извор2003
occupational health

Employee Wellbeing Scale

The Employee Wellbeing Scale (EWS) measures workers' subjective wellbeing across five dimensions: vitality (energy and physical health), motivation (engagement with work), self-perception (confidence and self-worth), social connection (relationships and belonging), and general life satisfaction. Developed by Page and V

2 извора2009
psychiatric rehabilitation

Empowerment Scale

The Empowerment Scale, developed by Elaine Salisbury Rogers and colleagues in 1997, is a 28-item self-report instrument assessing personal empowerment in individuals with serious mental illness. Empowerment reflects the individual's sense of agency, self-efficacy, and power to make meaningful life choices and participa

1 извор1997
epidemiology

Endemic Compartmental Models

Endemic compartmental models extend the classical SIR framework to capture diseases that persist indefinitely in a population rather than burning out after a single epidemic wave. The SIS model allows recovered individuals to return to susceptibility immediately; SIRS introduces temporary immunity before loss; SIRV add

1 извор2000
oncology

EORTC QLQ-BR23

The EORTC QLQ-BR23 is a 23-item breast-cancer-specific module designed to complement the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire, assessing functional and symptom domains unique to breast cancer. Validated by Sprangers et al. in 1996, it measures body image, sexual function, breast symptoms, and arm symptoms, making i

2 извора1996
oncology

EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL

The EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL is a 15-item quality-of-life instrument specifically designed for advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. Developed by Groenvold et al. in 2006, it is a shortened version of the QLQ-C30, retaining core QoL domains while reducing respondent burden—critical in palliative settings where f

2 извора2006
health outcomes

EORTC QLQ-C30

The EORTC QLQ-C30 is the most widely used international instrument for assessing quality of life in cancer patients. Developed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer in 1993, it measures physical, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning alongside cancer-specific symptoms and financial im

3 извора1993
oncology

EORTC QLQ-CX24

The EORTC QLQ-CX24 is a 24-item cervical-cancer-specific module designed to complement the EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire. Developed by Greimel et al. in 2006, it measures sexual/vaginal function, body image, lymphedema, neuropathy, and gastrointestinal symptoms specific to cervical cancer and its treatments. It is t

2 извора2006
oncology

EORTC QLQ-LC13

The EORTC QLQ-LC13 is a 13-item lung-cancer-specific module designed to complement the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire. Developed and validated by Bergman et al. in 1994, it measures lung-specific symptoms (dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain) and treatment toxicities (sore mouth, dysphagia). It is the stan

2 извора1994
health services

Epworth Sleepiness Scale

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a brief, validated self-report instrument developed by Johns in 1991 to quantify the level of daytime somnolence or excessive daytime sleepiness. The ESS comprises eight items asking patients to rate the likelihood of dozing off in various everyday situations. It is the most common

3 извора1991
health measurement

EQ-5D

The EQ-5D is a standardized, preference-based health utility measure developed by the EuroQol Group in 1990. It combines a descriptive health profile (five dimensions, three or five response levels) with a visual analog scale to quantify overall health status. The instrument has become essential for health economics, c

3 извора1990
oncology nursing

ESAS

The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System is a rapid, validated 9-item tool that assesses the severity of common symptoms in cancer and palliative care patients: pain, tiredness, nausea, depression, anxiety, drowsiness, appetite loss, general well-being, and shortness of breath. Developed by Bruera and colleagues at the U

2 извора1991
health behavior

Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale

The Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale measures an individual's confidence in their ability to exercise regularly and maintain physical activity despite challenges. Grounded in Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, self-efficacy is the belief that one has the capability to execute a specific behavior and achieve desired

2 извора1997
occupational health

Exhaustion and Disengagement Scale

The Exhaustion and Disengagement Scale (EDIS), based on work by Shirom and colleagues, is a brief burnout assessment tool measuring two core dimensions of occupational burnout: emotional, physical, and cognitive exhaustion, and psychological disengagement from work. Developed in the early 2000s, the EDIS emphasizes the

2 извора2003
clinical psychology

Exposure and Response Prevention

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a behavioral intervention designed to reduce anxiety and compulsive behaviors by having clients repeatedly confront feared situations or intrusive thoughts without engaging in safety behaviors or compulsions. Developed by Edna B. Foa and colleagues in the 1980s, ERP is now cons

2 извора1986
oncology

FACT-Anemia

The FACT-Anemia (FACT-An) is a quality-of-life measure combining the 27-item FACT-G core with a disease-specific subscale focusing on fatigue and anemia-related symptoms common in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or dealing with cancer-induced anemia. Developed by Yellen et al. in 1997, it quantifies the impact o

2 извора1997
oncology nursing

FACT-B

The FACT-B is a comprehensive 36-item disease-specific quality-of-life instrument that integrates the generic FACT-G (27 items covering physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being) with a 9-item breast-cancer-specific subscale addressing body image, sexual function, arm symptoms, and treatment side effects.

2 извора1997
oncology

FACT-Colorectal

The FACT-Colorectal (FACT-C) is a disease-specific quality-of-life instrument designed for patients with colorectal cancer. It combines the 27-item FACT-G core (general cancer) with a 9-item colorectal-specific subscale addressing bowel function, sexual function, and cancer-related digestive concerns. Validated by Ward

2 извора1999
oncology nursing

FACT-G

The FACT-G is a 27-item self-report questionnaire measuring health-related quality of life in cancer patients across four key domains: physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being. Developed by Cella et al. in 1993, it has become one of the most widely used generic QoL instruments in oncology research

2 извора1993
oncology

FACT-Lung

The FACT-Lung (FACT-L) is a lung-cancer-specific quality-of-life measure that combines a 27-item general cancer assessment with a 7-item lung cancer subscale. Developed by Cella et al. in 1995, it quantifies physical, emotional, social, and functional well-being specifically relevant to lung cancer patients. It is wide

2 извора1995
oncology

FACT-Ovarian

The FACT-Ovarian (FACT-O) is a disease-specific quality-of-life measure for women with ovarian cancer, integrating the 27-item FACT-G core with a 12-item ovarian-specific subscale addressing cancer-related symptoms, sexual function, abdominal distension, and treatment side effects. Validated by Basen-Engquist et al. in

2 извора2001
oncology

FACT-Prostate

The FACT-Prostate (FACT-P) is a disease-specific quality-of-life instrument for men with prostate cancer, combining the 27-item FACT-G core with a 12-item prostate-specific subscale addressing urinary, sexual, and bowel function concerns. Developed and validated by Esper et al. in 1997, it is a standard outcome measure

2 извора1997
health services

Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence

The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a brief, validated self-report instrument originally developed by Fagerstrom in 1978 and revised by Heatherton and colleagues in 1991 to quantify the severity of nicotine dependence in cigarette smokers. The FTND comprises six items assessing morning cigarette use,

3 извора1991
occupational therapy

FAI

The Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) is a self-report or informant-rated questionnaire designed to measure participation in activities of daily living and instrumental activities over a 3-month period. Developed by Holbrook and Skilbeck (1983) at the Frenchay Hospital in Bristol, the FAI evaluates participation in 15 ac

2 извора1983
nursing

Falls Efficacy Scale International

The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), developed by Lucy Yardley and colleagues in 2005, is a validated tool measuring fear of falling and confidence in balance in older adults and others at risk of falls. The 16-item scale assesses how confident a person feels performing daily activities without falling (self

2 извора2005
public health

Fear of COVID-19 Scale

The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a 7-item, self-report instrument assessing fear of COVID-19 infection across cognitive, emotional, and physiological domains. Developed by Ahorsu and colleagues in 2020, it measures threat perception, anxiety symptoms triggered by disease-related triggers, and avoidance behaviors

1 извор2020
implementation science

Fidelity Assessment in Implementation

Fidelity Assessment is the systematic measurement of the degree to which an intervention is delivered as designed in real-world practice. Formalized by the National Institutes of Health Behavior Change Consortium (Bellg et al. 2004) and expanded in MRC guidance (Moore et al. 2015), fidelity assessment is critical to im

3 извора2004
implementation science

Fidelity Scale

Fidelity of Implementation refers to the degree to which an evidence-based practice or intervention is delivered as originally designed and intended. The Fidelity of Implementation Scale (or fidelity assessment framework) operationalizes this concept by specifying the core components of an intervention, defining each c

2 извора2007
health outcomes

FIQ

The FIQ is the most widely used patient-reported outcome measure for fibromyalgia disease burden. Developed by Cynthia Burckhardt and colleagues in 1991, this 10-item questionnaire quantifies how fibromyalgia affects physical function, work capacity, depression, anxiety, sleep, pain, and fatigue. The revised version (F

3 извора1991
sleep medicine

FIRST

The Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST) is a brief self-report measure designed to identify individuals with heightened vulnerability to insomnia in response to psychological stress. Developed by Ford and Kamerow in 1990, it captures the tendency to experience sleep disruption during periods of worry, work pr

1 извор1990
pain medicine

FLACC Behavioral Pain Scale

The FLACC Behavioral Pain Scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is a 5-item observational tool developed by Merkel and Voepel-Lewis in 1997 to assess acute pain in children ages 2 months to 7 years who are unable to self-report pain. Each of the five behavioral domains is scored 0-2, yielding a total score o

3 извора1997
oncology nursing

FLIC

The Functional Living Index-Cancer is a 22-item patient self-report instrument that measures health-related quality of life in cancer patients across physical, social, emotional, and overall QoL domains. Developed by Schipper and colleagues in the mid-1980s, the FLIC was among the first disease-specific QoL instruments

2 извора1984
occupational health

Flow at Work Scale

The Flow at Work Scale (derived from Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory and operationalized by Bakker as the Work-Related Flow Inventory) measures the degree to which employees experience 'flow'—a state of optimal absorption, focus, and enjoyment in work. Flow is characterized by full concentration, loss of self-consciousn

3 извора1990
pharmacology

Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometry is a laser-based technology for analyzing and sorting individual cells based on fluorescent markers. Developed by Leonard Herzenberg in the 1970s, flow cytometry enables rapid assessment of cell phenotype, drug effects on cell populations, and therapeutic cell characterization in immunology and hematolog

2 извора1976
nursing

Fluid Balance Monitoring

Fluid Balance Monitoring is a systematic nursing process for tracking and comparing fluid intake and output to maintain adequate hydration and detect abnormalities in fluid status. By measuring all sources of fluid intake (oral, intravenous, enteral feeding) and all routes of fluid loss (urine, feces, perspiration, dra

2 извора1950
sports medicine

Foot and Ankle Outcome Score

The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) is a 42-item patient self-report instrument designed to assess symptoms, function, and activity limitations in individuals with foot and ankle pathology. Developed by Roos and colleagues in 2001 and published in the Journal of Orthopedic & Sports Physical Therapy, the FAOS has be

1 извор2001
survival

Frailty Model

The shared frailty model, introduced by Vaupel, Manton, and Stallard in 1979, extends standard survival regression by incorporating a random effect — the 'frailty' — that captures unobserved heterogeneity among subjects or clusters. When survival outcomes are measured on individuals who share a common environment (pati

2 извора1979
rehabilitation

Fugl-Meyer Assessment

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) is a comprehensive, clinician-administered scale measuring sensorimotor recovery and motor impairment in stroke patients. Developed by Fugl-Meyer and colleagues in 1975, FMA has become the gold standard outcome measure in stroke rehabilitation research and clinical practice for quantifyi

2 извора1975
clinical psychology

Functional Behavioral Assessment

Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) is a systematic process for identifying the environmental and behavioral factors that maintain or contribute to a target behavior. Developed by Richard O'Neill, Robert Horner, and colleagues in the 1990s, FBA is a cornerstone of applied behavior analysis and is widely used in educ

2 извора1997
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