Comparar métodos

	Algoritmo do Vaga-lume	Cuckoo Search	Evolução Diferencial
Área	Otimização	Otimização	Otimização
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ano de origem	2008	2009	1997
Autor original	Xin-She Yang	—	Rainer Storn & Kenneth Price
Tipo	Swarm intelligence metaheuristic	Population-based metaheuristic / swarm intelligence	Population-based stochastic metaheuristic
Fonte seminal	Yang, X.S. (2010). Firefly Algorithm, Stochastic Test Functions and Design Optimisation. International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation, 2(2), 78-84.	Yang, X.S. & Deb, S. (2009). Cuckoo Search via Lévy Flights. 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), 210-214. IEEE.	Storn, R. & Price, K. (1997). Differential Evolution – A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for Global Optimization over Continuous Spaces. Journal of Global Optimization, 11(4), 341–359.
Outros nomes	FA, Firefly Optimization, Ateşböceği Algoritması (Firefly Algorithm)	Guguk Kuşu Araması (Cuckoo Search), CS algorithm, Cuckoo Search via Lévy Flights	DE algorithm, Diferansiyel Evrim (DE), DE optimization
Relacionados	5	6	5
Resumo	The Firefly Algorithm (FA), introduced by Xin-She Yang in 2008 and formally published in 2010, is a nature-inspired swarm metaheuristic that models the bioluminescent attraction behaviour of fireflies. Each candidate solution is a firefly whose brightness represents its objective-function value; dimmer fireflies move toward brighter ones with an attraction force that decays with distance, driving the swarm toward optima without gradient information.	Cuckoo Search (CS) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm introduced by Xin-She Yang and Suash Deb in 2009. It models the obligate brood-parasitism of cuckoo birds — which lay eggs in other birds' nests — combined with Lévy flight random walks that enable long-range exploration of the search space. The algorithm has proven effective in structural engineering design, machine learning hyperparameter tuning, and other continuous black-box optimization problems.	Differential Evolution (DE), introduced by Rainer Storn and Kenneth Price in 1997, is a population-based stochastic optimisation algorithm designed for continuous parameter spaces. It generates candidate solutions by combining vector differences between existing population members, making it a powerful and parameter-lean alternative to Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimisation when the search landscape is non-convex, multimodal, or poorly suited to gradient-based methods.