SERVQUAL Service Quality Scale
SERVQUAL is a 22-item, multi-dimensional scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry in 1988 to measure consumer perceptions of service quality. It captures the gap between customer expectations and actual service performance across five core dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. The instrument has become the most widely used tool for service quality assessment in marketing research and practice.
Rekod sumber
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- Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40. · URL
- Zeithaml, V. A., Parasuraman, A., & Berry, L. L. (1990). Delivering Quality Service: Balancing Customer Perceptions and Expectations. Free Press. · ISBN 978-0029362174
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