방법 비교

	Study Process Questionnaire	학업 자기효능감 척도
분야	교육심리학	교육심리학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1987	1977
창시자	John Biggs	Albert Bandura
유형	Self-report learning process inventory	Self-efficacy belief measurement
원전	Biggs, J. B. (1987). Study Process Questionnaire: A New Instrument for Assessing Ways of Learning. Educational Research and Perspectives, 14(1), 1-8.	Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
별칭	SPQ, Learning Process Questionnaire, LPQ	ASES, Self-Efficacy for Academic Performance
관련	4	4
요약	The Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument developed by John Biggs to identify the approaches and processes students use when learning. It assesses three dimensions: deep learning approach (seeking understanding and making connections), surface learning approach (memorizing and reproducing), and achieving/strategic approach (aiming for high grades). Understanding students' study processes helps educators identify learning challenges and tailor support.	The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) measures students' beliefs about their capability to succeed in academic tasks. Grounded in Bandura's social cognitive theory, the instrument assesses perceived competence in diverse academic domains—understanding lectures, completing assignments, performing on exams, and engaging in scholarly work. High academic self-efficacy is a strong predictor of achievement, persistence, and resilience in the face of academic challenges.