방법 비교

	이질적 처리 효과 퍼지 회귀 불연속	인과 추론을 위한 도구 변수(IV) 방법
분야	인과추론	보건경제학
계열	Regression model	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2001	1990s (modern applications)
창시자	Hahn, Todd & Van der Klaauw (2001); extensions by Calonico, Cattaneo & Titiunik (2014)	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory
유형	Quasi-experimental causal inference / heterogeneity analysis	Method
원전	Hahn, J., Todd, P., & Van der Klaauw, W. (2001). Identification and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a Regression-Discontinuity Design. Econometrica, 69(1), 201-209.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
별칭	HTE-Fuzzy RDD, heterogeneous LATE at threshold, subgroup fuzzy RD, fuzzy RD with effect heterogeneity	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation
관련	5	3
요약	Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Fuzzy RDD extends the standard fuzzy regression discontinuity design — where treatment probability, not treatment status itself, jumps at a threshold — by examining whether the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) estimated at the threshold differs systematically across subgroups defined by covariates such as gender, socioeconomic status, or prior ability. It combines the instrumental-variable logic of fuzzy RDD with structured heterogeneity analysis.	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.