방법 비교

	푸리에 시스템 GMM	구조적 변화 시스템 GMM
분야	계량경제학	계량경제학
계열	Regression model	Regression model
기원 연도	2000s–2010s	1998–2003
창시자	Blundell & Bond (System GMM, 1998); Fourier augmentation adapted from Gallant (1981) and Becker, Enders & Lee (2006)	Blundell & Bond (System GMM); Bai & Perron (structural break framework)
유형	Dynamic panel GMM with Fourier smooth-break regressors	Dynamic panel estimator with regime change
원전	Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115–143.	Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115–143.
별칭	Fourier System GMM, Fourier-augmented Blundell-Bond GMM, smooth-break system GMM, Fourier SGMM	System GMM with structural breaks, SB-SGMM, break-augmented System GMM, System GMM structural change estimator
관련	6	6
요약	Fourier system GMM embeds Fourier trigonometric terms into the System GMM estimator of Blundell and Bond (1998) to accommodate smooth, gradual structural breaks in dynamic panel data. By adding sine and cosine components as regressors, the estimator captures unknown, potentially multiple regime shifts without requiring prior knowledge of break dates, while preserving the instrument-based controls for endogeneity and individual fixed effects.	Structural Break System GMM extends the Blundell-Bond System GMM estimator for dynamic panel data by explicitly accounting for structural breaks — abrupt regime changes in slopes, intercepts, or dynamics — that, if ignored, bias the coefficient estimates and invalidate the moment conditions that underpin standard GMM inference.