手法を比較

	多変量分散分析 (MANOVA)	共分散分析（ANCOVA）	一元配置分散分析
分野	統計学	統計学	統計学
系統	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1932	1932	1925
提唱者	Samuel Stanley Wilks (Wilks' Lambda, 1932); Roy, Hotelling, Pillai (mid-20th c.)	Ronald A. Fisher	Ronald A. Fisher
種類	Parametric multivariate mean comparison	Parametric group comparison with covariate control	Parametric mean comparison
原典	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
別名	Multivariate ANOVA, Çok Değişkenli ANOVA (MANOVA)	analysis of covariance, covariance analysis, ANCOVA (Kovaryans Analizi)	one-factor ANOVA, single-factor ANOVA, analysis of variance, tek yönlü ANOVA
関連	5	4	4
概要	MANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares group means across multiple continuous dependent variables, controlling the inflation of Type I error that would result from running separate ANOVAs. Key multivariate test statistics — Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace, Hotelling-Lawley Trace, and Roy's Greatest Root — were developed between the 1930s and 1950s, with Wilks' Lambda formalised by Samuel Stanley Wilks in 1932.	ANCOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the adjusted means of two or more independent groups while statistically controlling for one or more continuous covariates. By removing the portion of outcome variance explained by the covariate, ANCOVA increases statistical precision and produces fairer group comparisons. The method builds on the general linear model framework consolidated by Fisher in the early 1930s and is described comprehensively by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013).	One-way ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of three or more independent groups on a single continuous outcome to decide whether at least one group mean differs. It rests on the variance-partitioning framework introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925.