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| Il test ai limiti ARDL (ARDL Bounds Test)× | Stimatore di Minimi Quadrati Ordinari Dinamici (DOLS)× | Regression with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Campo | Econometria | Econometria | Econometria |
| Famiglia | Regression model | Regression model | Regression model |
| Anno di origine≠ | 2001 | 1993 | 2019 |
| Ideatore≠ | Pesaran, Shin & Smith | Stock & Watson (1993); panel extension Kao & Chiang (2001) | Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares |
| Tipo≠ | Cointegration test / Autoregressive distributed lag model | Cointegrating regression estimator | Linear regression |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. DOI ↗ | Stock, J. H. & Watson, M. W. (1993). A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems. Econometrica, 61(4), 783–820. DOI ↗ | Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860 |
| Alias | Pesaran bounds test, bounds testing approach, ARDL cointegration test, ARDL Sınır Testi (Pesaran Bounds Test) | DOLS, Stock-Watson dynamic OLS, dynamic least squares cointegration estimator, Dinamik OLS (DOLS) | ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu |
| Correlati≠ | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Sintesi≠ | The ARDL bounds test is an autoregressive distributed lag method that tests for a cointegrating (long-run level) relationship between time series, introduced by Pesaran, Shin and Smith in 2001. Unlike the Johansen procedure, it remains valid whether the variables are I(0), I(1) or a mix of the two, and it is more reliable than Johansen in small samples of roughly 30 to 80 observations. | Dynamic OLS is a cointegrating-regression estimator introduced by Stock and Watson (1993) that recovers the long-run relationship between I(1) variables. It augments the static regression with leads and lags of the differenced regressors, correcting endogeneity bias parametrically so that the long-run coefficient can be estimated by ordinary least squares. | Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE). |
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